Food Substrates and Digestive Capabilitites of Marine Deposit Feeders

海洋沉积物饲养者的食物基质和消化能力

基本信息

批准号：
9618552
负责人：
Lawrence Mayer
金额：
$ 23.82万
依托单位：
University of Maine
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1997-04-01 至 2002-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9618552&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Food Substrates Digestive Capabilitites Marine

项目摘要

9618552 Mayer Deposit feeders play several important roles in determining whether organic material is demineralized or buried. These animals function to make surfaces available for microbial growth and move particles both horizontally and vertically within the seabed at a pace that far exceeds sedimentation. The central problem in understanding deposit feeders is to identify the materials that they utilize and to determine the sources of those materials. The interdisciplinary approach of this project is to combine a chemical reactor theory of digestion with measurements of the processing of enzymatically available amino acids, focusing on rates of hydrolysis in, and absorption from, the gut. In vitro and in vivo fluorometric methods will be developed to assay enzyme activity in the guts of small deposit feeders; these methods that will be applicable to planktonic animals as well. Chemical analyses and deposit-feeder bioassays will be conducted to test whether methionine or other essential amino acids become more limiting in laboratory simulations of diagenesis. In a shallow subtidal site the hypothesis that the holothuroid Parastichopus californicus is limited to feeding during times of relatively high methionine concentration will be tested. At a 200-m site the hypothesis that the burrowing urchin Brisaster latifrons will show greater hydrolytic and absorptive capacity for amino acids after the spring bloom than during winter will be tested.

9618552 Mayer沉积物饲养者在确定有机材料是脱矿或掩埋方面发挥了多种重要作用。这些动物的功能使表面可用于微生物生长，并以远远超过沉积的速度在海床内水平和垂直移动颗粒。理解存款进料器的核心问题是确定其使用的材料并确定这些材料的来源。该项目的跨学科方法是将消化的化学反应器理论与酶促获得的氨基酸的加工进行测量，重点关注肠道的水解速率和吸收速率。将开发体外和体内荧光方法，以测定小型沉积物喂养器的胆量中的酶活性。这些方法也适用于浮游动物。将进行化学分析和沉积馈线生物测定，以测试蛋氨酸或其他必需氨基酸是否在成岩作用的实验室模拟中更具限制。在浅层底部部位中，将测试蛋氨酸浓度相对较高的肉芽杆菌parastichopus Californicus的假设。在200 m的位置，假设挖掘的胆小的brisaster latifron将在春季开花后显示出比冬季相比，春季开花后的氨基酸的水解和吸收能力更大。