Collaborative Research: Factors Affecting Ethnic Differences in Adult Mortality

合作研究：影响成人死亡率种族差异的因素

• 批准号: 9617760
• 负责人: Robert Hummer
• 金额: $ 8.28万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9617760&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Factors; Affecting; Ethnic

This is a study of ethnic differences in adult mortality. It will employ demographic conceptual and methodological approaches to accomplish three main research goals both for cause-specific and multiple-cause mortality. First, it will develop a more comprehensive model relating risk factors to ethnic mortality differentials than has heretofore been presented. Second, the work will broaden the range of ethnic categories typically found in mortality studies. Third, it will employ a unique data base that links detailed demographic, socioeconomic, family structure, health, and behavioral factors to mortality of ethnic groups. The specific aims of the project are to: (1) Assemble and adapt an integral, prospective database that will permit simultaneous examination of demographic and socioeconomic background factors, family structure, health behaviors, and health history factors in an analysis of ethnic variations in adult mortality by cause of death. (2) Broaden the range of ethnic categories typically found in mortality studies to include Mexican, Native, African, Asian, and Caucasian Americans. (3) Uncover why some ethnic groups, notably African Americans, experience relatively high mortality risk from circulatory diseases. (4) Reveal why African Americans suffer disproportionately high rates of cancer mortality. (5) Show why respiratory disease mortality is disproportionately high among Caucasian Americans. (6) Illuminate why Mexican, Native, and African Americans exhibit relatively high rates of diabetes mortality. (7) Illustrate why Mexican, Native, and African Americans die at relatively high rates from social pathologies. (8) Extend the cause of death analysis to include both underlying and multiple causes of death. (9) Account for variations in ethnic mortality patterns by sex and age groupings. (10) Use continuous-time hazard rate models, which allow a multivariate examination of the risk of death by ethnic group. The ethnic differences in mortality that have so long persisted i n the U.S. represent a troubling and challenging question. While mortality differences between groups are continually better-documented, particularly between African and Caucasian Americans, the explanation of differences has been weak, particularly when numerous ethnic groups are compared. For example, so little is known about Mexican American mortality that their favorable mortality rates are often termed an "epidemiological paradox." Even less is known about the differing cause patterns of death exhibited by Asian and Native Americans. Thus, the principal purpose of this research is to explain ethnic differences in cause-specific mortality, using a model that relates demographic, socioeconomic, family structure, behavioral, and health history factors to both underlying and multiple cause mortality differentials. A more comprehensive and more specific model will make it easier to identify key areas where social programs, public policy, medical treatment, and future research can have the most beneficial effects.

这是对成人死亡率种族差异的研究。 它将采用人口统计学概念和方法论方法来实现特定原因和多因素死亡率的三个主要研究目标。 首先，它将开发一个更全面的模型，将风险因素与种族死亡率差异相比，与迄今为止提出相比。 其次，这项工作将扩大死亡率研究中通常发现的种族类别的范围。 第三，它将采用独特的数据库，该数据库将详细的人口统计学，社会经济，家庭结构，健康和行为因素与族裔群体的死亡率联系起来。 该项目的具体目的是：（1）组装和适应一个不可或缺的前瞻性数据库，该数据库将允许同时检查人口和社会经济背景因素，家庭结构，健康行为和健康历史因素，以分析因死亡原因而分析成人死亡率的种族变异。 （2）扩大死亡率研究中通常发现的种族类别的范围，包括墨西哥，非洲，非洲，亚洲和高加索人。 （3）揭露为什么一些族裔，尤其是非洲裔美国人，循环疾病的死亡风险相对较高。 （4）揭示了为什么非裔美国人的癌症死亡率高度高。 （5）说明为什么呼吸道疾病死亡率在白种人中的高度高。 （6）阐明为什么墨西哥，本地和非洲裔美国人的糖尿病死亡率相对较高。 （7）说明了为什么墨西哥，本地和非裔美国人因社会病理的速度相对较高而死亡。 （8）将死亡分析的原因扩展到包括潜在的和多重原因。 （9）说明性别和年龄分组的种族死亡率模式的变化。 （10）使用持续的时间危害率模型，允许对种族群体死亡的风险进行多元检查。 长期以来，美国长期以来一直存在的死亡率差异代表了一个令人不安且具有挑战性的问题。尽管群体之间的死亡率差异不断地记录在不断的证据中，尤其是在非洲和高加索人之间，但对差异的解释却很弱，尤其是在比较众多种族群体时。例如，对墨西哥裔美国人的死亡率知之甚少，以至于他们的有利死亡率通常被称为“流行病学悖论”。关于亚洲和美洲原住民表现出的死亡原因不同的原因，甚至还不那么了解。因此，这项研究的主要目的是使用将人口，社会经济，家庭结构，行为和健康史因素与潜在的和多重导致死亡率差异相关联的模型来解释特定原因死亡率的种族差异。 一个更全面，更具体的模型将使确定社会计划，公共政策，医疗和未来研究的关键领域更容易产生最有益的影响。