Gender Inequalities Across Metropolitan Labor Markets

大都市劳动力市场的性别不平等

• 批准号: 9422546
• 负责人: Reeve Vanneman
• 金额: $ 7.35万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-07-15 至 1996-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9422546&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Gender; Inequalities; Across; Metropolitan; Labor

This is a study of gender inequalities across metropolitan labor markets. Existing theory suggests that a principal cause promoting gender equality is the growth of women's labor force participation. Participation rates are themselves consequences of the demand for female labor, especially of the degree to which a labor market has high concentrations of female-dominated occupations. A high demand for female labor reduces other aspects of gender inequality through market, normative, and political mechanisms. This research will test the normative linkages by using survey data aggregated to the area level. The political linkages will be tested with data from Equal Employment Opportunity complaints and from other more general indicators of women's political mobilization. Testing these ideas requires combining area and individual data into three contextual analyses. First, area measures of labor demand, norms, mobilization, and occupation will be related to the size of the gender coefficient in a standard earnings function predicting hourly wages. Second, the demand, normative, and political contexts will be related to the gender composition of a worker's occupation. Third, a standard labor supply analysis will be extended to include a measure of the occupational composition of the area's labor force. A final analysis will summarize all the contextual relationships within a single framework with areas rather than individuals as the unit of analysis. %%% This research differs from earlier work on gender differences in the rewards to human capital by emphasizing the role played by the economic, social, and political environment in which women find themselves. Only some of the progress towards gender equality that we have witnessed in recent years can be understood as the result of the changing characteristics of individual women. This project will systematically examine how differences in labor markets, normative climate, and political mobilization might explain more of the variation in gender equality than do studies based on individuals alone. Thus it will strengthen our understanding of socio-political factors that shape the rewards men and women receive for the human capital they possess.

这是对大都市劳动力市场的性别不平等的研究。 现有理论表明，促进性别平等的主要原因是妇女劳动力参与的成长。 参与率本身是对女性劳动需求的后果，尤其是劳动力市场具有高度以女性为主导的职业的程度。 对女性劳动的高需求通过市场，规范和政治机制减少了性别不平等的其他方面。 这项研究将通过使用汇总到区域级别的调查数据来测试规范性联系。 政治联系将通过平等就业机会投诉以及其他更普遍的妇女政治动员指标的数据进行测试。 测试这些想法需要将领域和单个数据组合为三个上下文分析。 首先，劳动力需求，规范，动员和职业的面积度量将与标准收入功能中的性别系数的规模有关，以预测小时工资。 其次，需求，规范和政治背景将与工人占领的性别组成有关。 第三，将扩展标准的劳动力分析，以包括衡量该地区劳动力的职业组成的度量。 最终分析将总结单个框架中与区域而不是个人作为分析单位的所有上下文关系。 %% %%通过强调妇女找到自己的经济，社会和政治环境的作用，这与早期在人力资本的性别差异上的工作不同。 近年来，只有我们目睹的性别平等的一些进步才能被理解为单个妇女特征不断变化的结果。 该项目将系统地研究劳动力市场，规范气候和政治动员的差异如何与仅基于个人的研究相比，可以解释性别平等的差异。 因此，它将加强我们对塑造男人和女人所获得的人力资本所获得的奖励的社会政治因素的理解。