Group Dynamics, Reproductive Success and Hibitat Utilization in Chimpanzees and Baboons

黑猩猩和狒狒的群体动态、繁殖成功率和栖息地利用

• 批准号: 9319909
• 负责人: Anne Pusey
• 金额: $ 23.76万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota-Twin Cities
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-08-15 至 1998-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9319909&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Group; Dynamics; Reproductive; Success; Hibitat

9319909 Anne Pusey In the past 30 years, Jane Goodall revolutionized our understanding of chimpanzee behavior, and in the process gave us an extraordinary perspective on ourselves and our behavioral origins. Chimpanzees are fascinating in their own right. They are one of the few mammalian species to show female dispersal and male-male cooperation, and this continuing study will provide new insights into the causes and consequences of this unusual social organization. Though less prominent than the chimp study, the Gombe baboon study is the longest and most extensive field study of any African monkey. This current research effort, in coordination with Goodall and Tanzanian collaborators, will involve three interconnecting projects. First, long-term demographic and behavioral data on chimpanzees and olive baboons will be analyzed and new data will be collected. This will include Goodall's records from the past three decades. The emphasis will be an examination of the costs and benefits of female dispersion and male sociality. In contrast, olive baboons show the social organization typical of old world monkeys, with home ranges maintained largely by the females and males moving between troops. This research effort will investigate group-level factors influencing female reproductive success, and the causes of individual variability in male reproductive success, social relationships and paternal care. The large sample sizes allow sophisticated statistical analysis of demography and social behavior. The second project involves a highly detailed survey of the diversity and distribution of vegetation in the entire park -- an area of unusual plant diversity. The vegetation studies will clarify the ecological basis of chimpanzee social organization, the importance of inter-troop competition in baboons, and will also contribute to the inventory of biodiversity in Tanzania. The third project will use DNA extracted from feces of both species to assess paternity, measure genetic relatedness and levels of inbreeding. By perfecting the extraction of nuclear DNA from feces and developing baboon-specific primers, the team will facilitate paternity studies in other primate field studies.

9319909 Anne Pusey 在过去的 30 年里，珍·古道尔彻底改变了我们对黑猩猩行为的理解，并在此过程中让我们对自己和行为起源有了非凡的认识。黑猩猩本身就很迷人。 它们是少数表现出雌性分散和雄性与雄性合作的哺乳动物物种之一，这项持续的研究将为这种不寻常的社会组织的原因和后果提供新的见解。 虽然贡贝狒狒研究不如黑猩猩研究那么突出，但它是非洲猴子中最长、最广泛的实地研究。 目前的研究工作与古道尔和坦桑尼亚合作者合作，将涉及三个相互关联的项目。 首先，将分析黑猩猩和橄榄狒狒的长期人口和行为数据，并收集新数据。 这将包括古道尔过去三十年的记录。 重点将是审查女性分散和男性社会性的成本和收益。 相比之下，橄榄狒狒表现出旧世界猴子的典型社会组织，其活动范围主要由在部队之间移动的雌性和雄性维持。 这项研究工作将调查影响女性生殖成功的群体层面因素，以及男性生殖成功、社会关系和父亲照顾的个体差异的原因。 大样本量可以对人口统计和社会行为进行复杂的统计分析。 第二个项目涉及对整个公园（植物多样性异常丰富的区域）的植被多样性和分布进行高度详细的调查。 植被研究将阐明黑猩猩社会组织的生态基础、狒狒群体间竞争的重要性，也将有助于清查坦桑尼亚的生物多样性。 第三个项目将利用从两个物种的粪便中提取的 DNA 来评估亲子关系、测量遗传相关性和近亲繁殖水平。 通过完善从粪便中提取核 DNA 并开发狒狒特异性引物，该团队将促进其他灵长类动物实地研究中的亲子关系研究。