Dissertation Research: Mukogodo Ethnoarchaeology: Hunter- Gatherer Adaptations and Transition to Food Production

论文研究：穆科戈多民族考古学：狩猎采集者的适应和向粮食生产的过渡

• 批准号: 9313577
• 负责人: Fiona Marshall
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-09-01 至 1994-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9313577&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Mukogodo; Ethnoarchaeology; Hunter; Dissertation; Research; Mukogodo; Ethnoarchaeology; Hunter

9313577 Marshall Under the direction of Dr. Fiona Marshall, Mr. Kennedy Mutundu will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will interview Mukogodo peoples who live in northern Kenya and will also excavate two rock shelters which were inhabited by them in historic times. The Mukogodo are, from an anthropological perspective, extremely important because they are one of the few African groups which followed a hunting and gathering way of life until recent times. Within the lifetime of living tribal members, they obtained livestock from herding neighbors and became pastoralists. In the course of their yearly rounds this group also occupied a number of known rock shelters or overhangs and preliminary information indicates that these contain stratified material remains which both document the earlier way of life and the transition to pastoralism. Mr. Mutundu will excavate two of these and collect faunal as well as other cultural remains. Given excellent historical data as well as detailed information from the final occupants of these sites he will be able to relate subsistence pattern with archaeological signature. This research is important because it provides an insight into a process which took place over almost all of Africa and much of the rest of the world in prehistoric times. In many regions peoples who lived by hunting and gathering gradually changed their way of subsistence after contact with pastoral populations. This transition is extremely interesting to archaeologists because it provides a context to study culture change. When confronted by a new subsistence source, what are the processes involved in the rejection or the acceptance and incorporation of it? Preliminary data indicates that this process differed in varying regions. The problem that archaeologists face is that it is difficult to determine what constitutes a pastoral "signature" in the archaeological record since domestic animals per se may also be obtained through trade or theft. The Mukogodo situation, because of the excellent historical and ethnographic control, provides a controlled case in which to examine this question. This research is important for several reasons. It will yield archaeological tools which may be useful in many parts of the world. It will capture data which otherwise soon would be irretrievably lost and finally it will contribute to the training of a promising young scientist. ***

9313577马歇尔在Fiona Marshall博士的指导下，肯尼迪·穆特杜（Kennedy Mutundu）先生将收集数据以进行博士学位论文。他将采访住在肯尼亚北部的Mukogodo人民，还将挖掘两个在历史时期居住的岩石庇护所。 从人类学的角度来看，Mukogodo是非常重要的，因为它们是遵循狩猎和聚集方式直到最近的少数非洲群体之一。 在生活部落成员的一生中，他们从邻居那里获得了牲畜，并成为牧民。在他们的年度过程中，该小组还占据了许多已知的岩石庇护所或悬垂，初步信息表明，这些材料包含较早的生活方式和向牧民的过渡。 Mutundu先生将挖掘其中的两个，并收集动植物以及其他文化遗体。鉴于出色的历史数据以及来自这些站点的最终居民的详细信息，他将能够将生存模式与考古签名联系起来。 这项研究很重要，因为它提供了对几乎整个非洲和世界其他大部分地区在史前时期发生的过程的见解。在许多通过狩猎和聚会生活的地区，在与牧师人口接触后逐渐改变了自给自足的方式。对于考古学家来说，这种过渡非常有趣，因为它为研究文化变化提供了背景。当面对新的生计来源时，拒绝或接受和纳入其中的过程是什么？初步数据表明，此过程在不同的区域有所不同。考古学家面临的问题是，很难确定考古记录中的田园“签名”是什么，因为家畜本身也可以通过贸易或盗窃来获得。 Mukogodo的情况由于出色的历史和民族志控制，提供了一个受控案例，可以在其中研究这个问题。 这项研究很重要，原因有几个。它将产生考古工具，这些工具可能在世界许多地方有用。它将捕获数据，否则很快就会丢失这些数据，最后将有助于培训一位有前途的年轻科学家。 ***