CRB: Methods of Genealogical and Genetic Analysis in Conservation Biology

CRB：保护生物学中的谱系学和遗传分析方法

• 批准号: 8921839
• 负责人: Elizabeth Thompson
• 金额: $ 16.4万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-06-01 至 1994-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8921839&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CRB; Methods; Genealogical; Genetic; Analysis

From a genetic perspective, conservation biology requires the preservation of genetic diversity or variability. Over long periods of time, mutation provides the genetic variation upon which natural selection may act. However, in populations constrained in size over several generations, much of the genetic variation may be lost. Once lost, a very long time is required for mutation to reestablish pre.existing levels of genetic diversity. Moreover, many species are now subject to extreme and unnatural selection. It is therefore of practical importance to study the maintenance of genetic variation in small populations. Questions of gene survival in small populations have been well studied in recent years, and new statistical methodology has found application in the assessment of the genetic potential of small populations of endangered species, such as the Andean condor and Przewalski's horse. This statistical research will be extended in three projects by Dr. Elizabeth Thompson and her colleagues at the University of Washington. There are three aspects of the analysis of the pedigree structure of a small population, all of which are directly relevant to the genetic management, and thence to the conservation biology of species. From the central trio of pedigree, genetic model, and observational data, one can consider inferences of pedigree structure, inferences of the genetic basis of an observed trait, or computation of probabilities of gene survival or of specific phenotypic events. The currently proposed focus is the extension of previous methods and development of new approaches to these three areas, in the context of complex genetic data such as DNA.fingerprint data. An understanding of the genetic and genealogical structure of populations is fundamental to conservation, where endangered species exist in limited numbers or fragmented isolates. A study of the genetics alone cannot provide specific solutions. However, all species have genes, all populations have pedigrees, and all genetic isolates have a structure that will affect their maintenance and long.term survival.

从遗传角度来看，保护生物学需要保存遗传多样性或变异性。 在长时间的时间里，突变提供了自然选择可以作用的遗传变异。 但是，在几代人的大小限制的种群中，许多遗传变异可能会丢失。 一旦丢失，突变就需要很长时间才能重新建立遗传多样性水平。 此外，许多物种现在受到极端和不自然的选择。 因此，研究小人群中遗传变异的维持至关重要。 近年来，已经对小种群中的基因生存问题进行了很好的研究，新的统计方法论在评估濒危物种小种群的遗传潜力（例如安提斯·丹多尔和普兹瓦尔斯的马）中的应用。 伊丽莎白·汤普森（Elizabeth Thompson）博士及其同事在华盛顿大学将进行这项统计研究。 分析少数人群的谱系结构的三个方面，所有这些都与遗传管理直接相关，因此与物种的保护生物学有关。 从谱系，遗传模型和观察数据的中央三重奏，可以考虑谱系结构的推断，观察到的性状的遗传基础的推断或基因存活概率的计算或特定表型事件的计算。 目前提出的重点是在复杂的遗传数据（例如DNA.Fingerprint数据）的背景下，以前的方法扩展了这三个领域的新方法。 对种群的遗传和家谱结构的理解是保护物种的基础，在这种保护中，濒危物种数量有限或分散的分离株。 仅对遗传学的研究不能提供特定的解决方案。 但是，所有物种均具有基因，所有种群都有血统书，并且所有遗传分离株的结构都会影响其维持和长期生存。