半翅目昆虫连翅器的功能形态和进化

The detailed structures of wing-coupling apparatus or claustrum (pl. claustra) of 536 species distributed among 52 families of Heteroptera are examined with scanning electron microscope. The materials are mainly from China. Special attentions have been paid to those in Reduviidae. Few representatives of Homoptera are also examined. Our preliminary examination indicates that the ultrastructures of the wing-coupling apparatus in Heteroptera are amazingly diverse and complex. Not all the winged true bugs have claustra. The phenomenon of claustrum-lacking is associated with the micropterous form. The claustra are located at basal 7.1~78.3% of fore wing length and mostly near the end of clavus. The claustrum composes two parts, the fore wing tongs and related part on anterior margin of hind wing. According to the structures of posterior arm of the tongs, the claustra of Heteroptera examined can be divided into 6 basic types.The anterior arm of tongs composes of different sized and shaped processes. The number of the processes of anterior arm is ranging from 4 to 577 with the highest frequency of 10~80. The polymorphism of process number was found among the different individuals with polymorphism, especially with wing polymorphism. Sex dimorphism was also found in the process number. Few species exhibit asymmetric number of the processes between the left and right hemelytra. The structures of related area of anterior margin of hind wing are relative simple. Three main types of attachments have been found. One is the surface of related area is scattered with scales. Another is scattered with short spine-shaped processes. And the third is the comnined above twos. Comparative studies of the structures of claustra indicated that the taxonomic values at different taxonomic levels are complex. The claustra are the important characters for family, subfamily, generic and specific diagnoses in most examined group. The evolutionary tendency of the claustra in Hemiptera was briefly discussed...

连翅器是前动类或后动类昆虫在飞行时协调前、后翅的连锁结构，对半翅目昆虫的连翅器报道甚少。申请者拟对该类群各代表阶元的连翅器进行光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察，以揭示该目昆虫连翅器的细微结构与类型，推测其演化途径及其与飞行的关系，为探讨半翅目翅的功能形态学提供依据，为研究该目的进化和系统发育提供线索。

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