生产性粉尘的几何特征及理化性质对其在人体呼吸道内的动力学特征的影响

Occupational respiratory diseases, mainly represented by pneumoconiosis, accounts for 90% of occupational diseases in China. In another word, diagnosis and treatment of occupational respiratory diseases is the key priority in China to promote the occupational health. Unfortunately, there are challenges yet to overcome. The main reason is that high variations in both geometry and physicochemical property are found for productive dust that is created from different industries. It has been a challenge to classify and diagnose occupational respiratory diseases using a generic mathematical or empirical model. To bridge this research gap, the applicant innovatively proposed to model particles’ transport and deposition in the human respiratory system by simulating movements based on their geometrical features and physicochemical properties. Previously the applicant has conducted a series of high-quality researches and achieved outstanding outcomes. Based on previous results, this project will achieve further development of the particle transport model by following ways: i). we will collaborate with a hospital, which hosts high-precision medical imaging equipment and clinical interventions, to gain insights of characteristics of different occupational respiratory diseases, ii). we will investigate particle-airflow dynamics influenced by particle’s geometrical features and physicochemical parameters, iii). by combining results achieved from last two steps, we will build theoretical and numerical models, to predict particle deposition patterns in the respiratory system according to their properties, iv). we will use the developed model to provide required information for doctors to predict, evaluate and diagnose occupational respiratory diseases and offer proper treatment. In addition, this will lay a solid foundation to raise the quality of occupational health in China.

以尘肺病为代表的职业性呼吸系统疾病约占我国职业病病例总数的90%。可以说，职业性呼吸系统疾病的诊治是我国职业病防治工作的重中之重。但遗憾的是，我国目前在这一领域仍面临重重困局。其根本原因在于不同行业的生产性粉尘在几何特征及理化性质等方面存在巨大差异，职业性呼吸系统疾病因而具有显著的行业特征。鉴于此，申请人创新性地提出了从机理角度研究颗粒物几何特征及理化性质对其在人体呼吸道内运动和沉积规律的影响，并且开展了大量的前期工作，获得了一系列重要的研究成果。本项目正是对前期工作的进一步深入和细化，拟通过与医疗一线单位密切合作，借助高精度医学影像及临床检测手段深入分析疾病特征；研究颗粒物几何及物性参数对动力学特征的影响；建立相应的理论和数值计算模型，获取不同性状颗粒物在人体呼吸道内的沉积模式图谱；为预测、评估和诊断职业性呼吸系统疾病提供准确的前端数据，同时也为今后提高我国职业卫生水平奠定坚实的基础。

生产性粉尘颗粒物是工作场所中常见的危害人体健康的因素之一。目前人们对各型职业性呼吸系统疾病的致病机理和病源特征还缺乏足够的认识，难以将职业性呼吸系统疾病与其它病理性肺部病变有效区分，导致职业性呼吸系统疾病的诊断十分困难。因此深入研究工作场所的粉尘颗粒物在人体呼吸系统内输运和沉积特性对于公共卫生事业有很强的指导意义。为了补足此基础研究短板，本项目与医疗卫生学者合作，获得了大量人体呼吸道医学影像数据，以重建真实模型，模拟颗粒物暴露，理论分析相互结合的方式，有针对性的开展了一系列研究工作，取得了丰硕成果。首先是针对粉尘颗粒物在工作环境中的输运过程的研究。本项目收集了北京劳保所对两个典型工作场所，电弧切割工作室和文印中心的实测数据，进一步分析后获得了粉尘颗粒从环境的释放和输运的规律，以及粉尘颗粒尺寸分布随时间变化的解析表达式。在此基础上，本项目还利用数值计算的方式，系统性研究了粉尘颗粒物从呼吸道排出后导致的二次传输规律。其次是针对生产性粉尘颗粒物在呼吸道各区域沉积的研究。本项目利用合作医院现有的医疗影像数据，重建了一个从脸部到15级细支气管的完整呼吸道模型，作为数值计算的基础。本项目不仅系统性地统计了不同尺寸粉尘颗粒物的吸入效率和在呼吸道各区域的沉积效率，还针对高危的嗅区，开创性地计算了沉积效率关于粉尘颗粒物尺寸的解析表达式，这些数据为生产性粉尘暴露的呼吸系统疾病诊断和溯源提供了坚实的依据。最后是针对呼吸道沉积后的粉尘颗粒物对人体吸收和黏液纤毛清理机制互动的研究。本项目利用原创的表面展开技术和黏液均匀注入假设边界条件，成功模拟了鼻腔壁面的黏液毯速度场分布，定量预测了沉积后的粉尘颗粒物在黏液纤毛清理机制的搬运作用的同时，在黏液中溶解，扩散和被黏膜上皮组织吸收的剂量随时间变化的规律，成功完成了项目申请书和计划书规定的研究目标，为今后相关领域的暴露风险评估及防范工作提供了科学依据。

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