纳米氧化物的形貌对超级铝热剂在推进剂中燃烧性能的影响

A super-thermite is a metastable intermolecular composite frequently combined by aluminium and a metal oxide in nanometer scale. Compared with the traditional thermite，a super-thermite can effectively improve the combination degree of aluminium and the metal oxide, thus it greatly increases the reaction energy and the combustion efficiency. In this project, different shapes of metal oxides are prepared. Through kinds of composite techniques, the combined pattens of nano aluminium powder and nano metal oxide will be improved. The contact area will be larger and the contact degree will be higher so as to improve the reaction properties of super-thermites. The differential scanning calorimetry, vacuum stability test and drug plasma method are selected to confirm the compatibility of the prepared thermites with some main components of the propellants. The thermal behavior and thermal decomposition kinetics are systematically studied in order to find some evidences of the compatibility from the activation energy. The super-thermite is added to propellants based on some certain formula specification, then the tests of combustion properties and sensitivity are carried out, therefore some propellants formulations with low sensitivity, high combustion velocity and good pressure index are obtained. At the same time, the computer simulation is carried out to explain the relationship of structure-property, so as to provide some basic information and method for design and preparation of energetic materials of micro-loaded technique and to meet with the diverse needs of weapons and military supplies.

超级铝热剂通常是指由纳米铝粉和纳米金属氧化物复合所组成的一种亚稳态分子间复合物。除了具有普通尺寸铝热剂的一般性能外，还能够有效提高金属氧化物与铝粉的结合程度，从而大大提高反应能量的释放和燃烧效率。 本项目拟制备不同形貌的纳米氧化物，通过采用多种纳米复合技术获得超级铝热剂，以改善纳米铝粉与金属氧化物的结合方式，提高组分间的接触面积及结合紧密程度，达到提高铝热剂反应性能的目的。综合利用微量热法、真空安定性实验和药浆法评判超级铝热剂与固体推进剂主要含能组分的相容性，系统研究其热分解行为和热分解动力学，从活化能角度说明相容性。按照固体推进剂的配方要求将超级铝热剂添加到推进剂中开展燃烧性能和感度测试，分析其燃烧特点，优选出钝感、燃速高、压力指数好的配方；同时与计算机模拟技术相结合，分析其结构与性能的关系，为适用于微装药技术的含能材料的设计、制备提供基础信息和方法，满足武器装备多样化需求。