基于分子内协同的酚-含氮杂环席夫碱型植物油绿色高效多功能添加剂的设计合成、性能调控和机理研究

Vegetable oil lubricants have been widely studied and used by academic and industrial because of its green and environment friendly potential, but due to its unique molecule structure, physic-chemical properties and lubricant oil specification upgrade, the development of high efficient antioxidant, multi-functional and green plant oil additives are needed urgently. Literatures show that intramolecular synergism and enhanced polarity are effective ways to improve the performance of antioxidants and to overcome the competitive adsorption of polar ester groups, respectively. Based on previous studies and the principle of intramolecular synergy, we constructed a molecule containing both phenols and nitrogen heterocycles at the same time and achieved the oxidative stability and competitive adsorption of plant oil through the regulation of nitrogen heterocyclic structure, polarity and spatial configuration. In this project, we plan to design and synthesize a series of phenol-nitrogen containing heterocyclic type additives using biobased raw materials such as derivatives of cardanol, amino acids and nucleobase. Then study the effects of the synthesized additives on vegetable oil, including antioxidant, anti-wear, anti-corrosion and extreme pressure properties, understanding the relationship between structure and properties. Finally, discusses the mechanism of how the phenol-heterocyclic compounds behave in friction, corrosion interface regarding the polar and stereo structure of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic fragments. This study will provide new ideas and experimental basis for the exploration of new green vegetable oil additives and green lubricants.

植物油基润滑油因其绿色环保性受到学术与工业界的广泛关注与重视，但植物油分子独特的双键和极性酯基结构、理化性质以及油品规格升级要求亟需发展高效抗氧化、多功能化和绿色化的植物油添加剂。研究表明，分子内协同和增强极性分别是提高抗氧剂性能和克服极性酯基竞争吸附的有效途径。基于前期研究，并根据分子内协同原理，我们设想构建一个同时包含酚和含氮杂环的分子，并通过含氮杂环结构、极性和空间构型调控，实现植物油氧化稳定和克服竞争吸附。本项目中，我们先以绿色可再生的腰果酚、氨基酸和碱基衍生物为原料，设计合成系列酚-氮杂环型添加剂，然后研究它们对植物油抗氧、抗磨、防腐和极压等性能的影响，明确结构与性能关系，最后探讨酚-氮杂环化合物中含氮杂环片段的极性和立体结构对摩擦、腐蚀表界面成膜与保护的作用机理。通过本研究将为探索新型绿色环保植物油添加剂和植物油润滑油的应用提供新的思路和实验依据。

植物油中存在的大量不饱和双键和酯基结构，极易氧化，竞争吸附作用强，研发植物油润滑油专属的高效抗氧和抗磨减摩添加剂，是植物油应用于润滑领域的亟需解决的挑战之一。本项目基于分子内协同抗氧和多官能化，设计合成得到了多种新型结构的生物酚基多功能型植物油添加剂，具有热稳定性高，自由基淬灭能力强的特点，在植物油润滑油中具有高效抗氧、抗磨减摩和防腐作用，大大提高了植物油基润滑油的氧化诱导期和起始氧化温度，提高了摩擦学性能，较好地解决了植物油润滑油的热氧稳定性差、摩擦性能不佳的问题，还通过试验探讨了用于植物油的生物酚-席夫碱润滑油添加剂的分子内协同抗氧机理，提出了可能的协同抗氧作用机理。本项目的研究为植物油用添加剂的研发，实现植物油基润滑油规模化应用提供了有益的探索。

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