基于协同理论的城乡边缘区开放空间系统规划与实施研究

The spaces where countryside meets town are often amongst society's most valued and pressured places which together form the Urban-rural Fringe Area (URFA). A "messy" yet opportunistic space in policy and decision making processes, the URFA remains confused and 'disintegrated' lacking sufficient understanding and explicit attention for sustainable management as places in their own right. The Open Spaces in the URFA as the main non-development land,have those advantages such as important location,variety of patterns and landcape types. In the background of "Beautiful China" and "Urban-rural Integration", the Open Spaces undertake those functions which are constructing of spatial form, co-ordinating the production and leisure, ecological balance, integration of social relations and bridging the cultural landscape. Towards the urban-centrism and the ecologism in present research, this project will be organized as the workshops, which are joined up by the different sectors, scales and stakeholders.Followed the principle of social equity, spatial justice, culture equality and value respect, through the urban-rural equality "perspective", we will expose the scope, nature and reasons leading towards the disintegration within the URFA by the dual-track work model combining the research into the project. The values will be also analyzed from the economic space, social space, landscape ( scenery and culture)space, ecological space and so on. We will conclude the disorder viewed characters and the different values system .Then the lessons will be explored by the literature study and fieldwork. We will study the advanced theory from the abroad. The relations will be surveyed between the micro-place(the open space) and micro-people(the different stakeholders) as the case of the Panyu Huanan Area( Inner Suburbs area) and Zengcheng Xintang-zhongxin Area(Outer suburbs) in Guangzhou. The project will assess the perceive, need of the people as well as the effect of the policies. After that, the "Ideal Vision" of mutil-win will be constructed. In the end, we will put forward the Open Spaces in the URFA including the development model and indices system by Collaborative Planning and Collaborative Governance. And Collaborative Theory will be concluded with Chinese characteristics for the Open Spaces in URFA. Those are great important to the Urban-rural relations, Urban-rural development, Urban-rural ecological security, local characteristics and Urban-rural integration.

城乡边缘区开放空间作为主要非建设用地，以其重要地理区位、多样表现形式和丰富景观类型，在当前建设美丽中国和城乡一体化的背景下，承担着构建空间形态、统筹生产休闲、平衡生态环境、融合社会关系、衔接文化景观的多重功能。针对当前城市中心主义和生态中心主义偏向，本课题建立多学科、多部门、多方利益参与的工作坊，遵循社会公平、空间公正、文化平等和价值尊重原则，审视研究对象的内涵与价值、剖析困境及机理、总结先进理论和方法。继而通过广州番禺和增城微观场地与个体互动关系的深度调查，评价边缘区开放空间的社会需求与服务匹配，反思分裂制度和规划对社会利益的影响。最后，综合空间规划和生态规划技术方法，从发展模式、功能定位、指标体系和实施行动等内容，落实城乡边缘区开放空间系统规划与主体功能区划、生态功能区划、空间管制区划和土地利用规划之间的协同，对融合城乡发展、维护城乡生态安全、保持地方特色、实现城乡一体化有重要意义。

城乡开放空间作为主要非建设用地，以其多重功能价值、多样表现形式和丰富景观类型，在当前生态文明转型、建设美丽中国和城乡一体化的背景下，承担着构建空间形态、统筹生产休闲、平衡生态环境、融合社会关系、衔接文化景观的多重功能。本项目针对当前城市中心主义和生态中心主义偏向，按照城乡一体的、从“空间管控”转变为“空间利用”的思路，遵循社会公平、空间公正、文化平等和价值尊重原则，完成研究内容及其意义如下：（1）理论层面：其一，首次建立全地域、多功能的开放空间分类与指标体系，有利于通过规划落实3个大类、7个中类、22个小类的开放空间，以满足城乡居民需求，促进城乡公平。其二、开放空间外部性利益机理研究为城乡空间规划和管理提供了价值导向，为规划控制内容和指标奠定了理论基础。其三、提出了一种融合生态-社会-景观功能、覆盖城-乡空间、贯穿“总规-控规-场地设计-行动计划”全尺度、可操作的开放空间规划体系，为空间规划实践确定了理论路径。（2）方法层面：其一、建立了适应于协同型开放空间规划模式的城乡开放空间供需调查与评价、功能价值调查与评价的内容和方法体系，综合运用社会单元图谱、场地行为地图、GIS、RS、WRF、CFD等一批新技术方法为调查评价及规划提供科学支撑；其二、组建了多学科、多部门、多利益主体协同参与的工作坊研究方式，实践了自上而下和自下而上相结合的、全面反映城乡开放空间多重价值和需求的、城乡全覆盖的、“研究—实践双轨制”的工作方式。（3）实践层面：通过佛山市南海区开放空间专项规划、中山市低碳生态建设规划和高速公路、轨道沿线美途规划三个项目实践，不断修正和完善本研究提出的相关理论框架和方法体系，证明了研究成果的有效性和实用性。

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