东北寒地铅锌尾矿废弃地超富集植物及其内生菌的筛选与优化配置研究

The compound pollution degree of soil heavy metal and soil nutrition is rather serious in lead and zinc tailing pond. Due to severe climatic condition in northeastern cold regions, it becomes very difficult for this kind of pollution to be restored. Furthermore, the existing problems in phytoremediation technology are presented, such as slow growth, small biomass and limited accumulations of heavy metal. However, the content of all kinds of existing form of heavy metal have different effectiveness and toxity on plants. The tolerant mechanism and enrichment mechanism of the plants to soil heavy metal was investigated, which may play a certain role in understanding the selection and utilization of the plants. The field investigation towards plants and the measuring on the enrichment and metastasis potential towards heavy metal caused by dominant plants have been carried out in order to screen out the heavy metal resistant plants suitable for the soil condition in this research area or the plants with (potential) hyper-accumulator characteristics. Then the perfect pattern of vegetation will be selected and the late maintenance management will be strengthened to complete phytoremediation project. Meanwhile, the application of endophytic bacteria to the phytoremediation provides an effective new approach because bacterial endophytes live inside plants for at least part of their life cycle and play important roles in plant vitality. Possible mechanisms of endophyte bacterium in heavy metals phytotoxicity reduction and plant growth promotion were analyzed. A number of endophytes were isolated from latent. Some excellent and specific endophyte was selected to study the feasibility of phytoremediation enhancement using plant-endophyte symbiotic system. Compared with noninoculated controls, endophytic bacteria inoculation made the plants achieve a higher biomass production, thus resulting in more total heavy metal uptake, reflecting the promotion of phytoextraction efficiency. Above research conclusions are of large practical significance to environmental control and ecological restoration of metal mine areas polluted seriously by heavy metal, have greatly improved vegetation reconstruction effect and ecological restoration success rate, and will have a far-reaching impact on the sustainable development of the mine area and its environment.

铅锌尾矿废弃地土壤极度贫瘠，重金属复合污染严重，加之东北寒地恶劣的气候条件，生态恢复难度极大。目前的植物修复技术存在很多弊端，诸如植物生长缓慢，生物量小，富集重金属能力有限等。本项目通过分析土壤重金属的赋存形态并探讨各形态对植物的效应，研究植物对重金属的耐受机理和富集机制，掌握优势植物体对重金属的累积特征，筛选出适合研究区域特殊的气候环境条件的超富集植物；同时，内生细菌定殖于植物体内,不易受外界环境条件影响,竞争优势更强。因此通过研究内生菌强化植物富集重金属的影响机制，掌握其促生性能以及对重金属的抗性，筛选得到促进超累积植物生长和强化其提取重金属的特异内生菌株，并回殖入植物体内，以提高修复效率，弥补目前单一植物修复技术的诸多不足。预期结果对于受到重金属严重污染的东北寒地金属矿山的环境治理和生态恢复具有重要的现实意义，大大提高植被重建效果和生态恢复效率，有利于矿山生产及生态环境的可持续发展。

本项目通过分析东北地区铅锌尾矿废弃地土壤重金属的赋存形态并探讨各形态对植物的效应，研究植物对重金属的耐受机理和富集机制，掌握优势植物体对重金属的累积特征，筛选出适合研究区域特殊的气候环境条件的超富集植物。并且通过实地调查取样，测定原生地主要优势植物地上部分和地下部分的重金属含量，通过分析土壤与优势植物及其地上部分重金属含量与形态的相关性，掌握了土壤重金属的生物有效性与植物富集重金属能力之间的关系，得到不同优势植物对不同重金属的富集系数BAC与转移系数TF，研究其富集和转移重金属的能力；通过前述耐受机理的比较研究，获得了对重金属具有超强耐受性和富集特性的优势植物品种。.同时，内生细菌定殖于植物体内,不易受外界环境条件影响,竞争优势更强。因此通过研究内生菌强化植物富集重金属的影响机制，掌握其促生性能以及对重金属的抗性，筛选得到促进超累积植物生长和强化其提取重金属的特异内生菌株，并回殖入植物体内，以提高修复效率，弥补了目前单一植物修复技术存在的很多弊端，诸如植物生长缓慢，生物量小，富集重金属能力有限等的诸多不足。从植物体内成功分离出多种目标细菌，完成重金属耐受性筛选工作，验证特殊性细菌的促生能力，实现微生物在根部的定殖，确定其定殖模式及其强化植物提取土壤中重金属的效率。验证确定筛选出对重金属抗性极强的新型内生细菌，确定促生长能力极强以及能显著提高植物的生物量。.研究结果对于受到重金属严重污染的东北寒地金属矿山的环境治理和生态恢复具有重要的现实意义，大大提高植被重建效果和生态恢复效率，有利于促进矿山生产及生态环境的可持续发展。

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