夏热地区“常全影”室外公共空间的形成机理与设计检验方法研究

Shadowed space shaped by shadows casted by the surrounding shadow-structuring buildings and structures has drawn great attention due to its concern of spatial suitability and thermal comfort at daytime. Searching the solution of spatio-temporal variation induced shadow in moving, omissions and insufficient time duration on original site plays key role in pursuing a cool activity place outside with more duration on fixed location. There is a lack of an in-depth study on spatio-temporal mechanism and design test, in respect to a kind of immobile space shadowed both constantly and holistically during a certain time, that is, Constant-holistically shadowed space (CHSS). Therefore, it is extremely essential to explore the formation mechanism of CHSS and its test method to aid urban planning, architectural design, and landscape design when referred to such a shadowed space. For this purpose, in this study, based on sufficient computer simulation for spatio-temporal processes about the shadows of various assemble types of architectural shapes coupled with both site terrain and sunlight reflection around, the correlation between the spatio-temporal dynamics of CHSS and shadow-structuring bodies, shadow emptying, shadow patching, shadowed time duration, etc., will be analyzed to elucidate the formation mechanism of the CHSS. Meanwhile, combined with the necessary and feasible ways and objects in relevant planning and design, a test method for the CHSS would be conducted and confirmed with examples of practical projects. The research findings will provide theoretical foundations and effective methods for green design to promote the suitability of people inner public space outside in hot summer region.

夏热地区日照下由建（构）筑物、植物等构影体可在室外公共活动场所形成阴影空间，其日间的空间适宜性和光热舒适性受到高度关注。探寻阴影时空变化所致的原址阴影移动、缺位、时长不足问题的解决，在追求地点固定、时长更大的户外荫凉活动场所时的关键。以往研究对适宜时段内固定场所可兼获常影和全影的“常全影”的时空机理和设计检验尚缺深入探索，积极探索“常全影”空间形成机理，并建立可辅助相关规划和设计进行检验的方法十分必要。本课题基于前期预研究基础，拟以充分的计算机模拟建筑及其组合类型的阴影时空过程特征，兼顾地形类型差异和周边日光反射，解析“常全影”空间时空动态与构影体、缺影及补影、时长等之间的相关性，探寻“常全影”空间形成机理；结合相关规划和建筑等设计中的必要且可行检验路径和对象，建立相应设计检验方法并实例应用验证。研究结果可为促进室外公共空间阴影夏季适宜人性的绿色设计，提供理论基础和有效设计方法支撑。

本项目为应对因日照阴影时空动态性所致室外活动人群难以在固定的公共空间获得持续较长时间遮荫问题，提出在确定场所范围、一定时段内始终具有高品质影深的“常全影”空间概念，并开展相应的形成机理和设计检验方法探索。研究采用实景核实和计算机日照阴影模拟分析相结合等方法，阐明“常全影”空间时空属性与构影体、承影面等构影要素之间的相关性，探明“常全影”空间的形成机理，建立“常全影”空间时空分析方法体系；结合相关规划和设计过程特征，建立并验证了在设计构建“常全影”空间进程中的补影机制和可分阶段、全程介入的有效设计检验方法。项目研究揭示了“常全影”空间属性要素与构影条件要素之间的复杂内在关联，并探明可引导构建适宜“常全影”空间的机理，具有重要科学意义；充分契合通行相关规划与设计进程特点所建立的有效补影机制和设计检验方法，可为科学和有效构建“常全影”空间的设计实践提供可靠的方法指引，丰富现有室外公共空间绿色设计方法体系，具有广阔的应用前景。

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