中国企业战略领导力研究：集体领导力的理论模型及有效性

In 1927 the Chinese Communist Party's Fifth General Conference, a document of "Resolution on Organizational Issues" pointed out that "the Central Committee should forcefully implement the collective guidance from the central, provincial as well as branch". The concept of collective leadership was clearly put forward for the first time. Since the democratic revolution, the CPC collective leadership of the party and always played an important role in the development of the country's construction. China's collective leadership was originated from political area, rooted in a collectivist culture, widespread among Chinese enterprises (organizations). Given the current relative scarcity of collective leadership in scholarly literature, this project plans to use the methodologies of contemporary scientific research, drawing on the experience of Western leadership theory, to identify its applications in the Chinese enterprise (organization) management practices, to determine the basic structure and dimensions of collective leadership, antecedent factors, the effectiveness and mechanism of such process. The purpose of this study is to integrate the practical and theoretical basis of the collective leadership, to conduct an in-depth analysis of the concept of collective leadership and behavior, to develop an effective and reliable assessment tools, and then to analyze the validity of the concept. The study will promote the formation of a Chinese theory of leadership, which is different from the Western values of individualism, thus promote the leapfrog development and innovation of China's theory of management and leadership.

1927年中共五大通过《组织问题议决案》指出"中央应该强毅地实行集体的指导，从中央省委以至支部"，集体领导制首次被明确提出。民主革命至今，中共集体领导在党和国家的建设发展中始终发挥着重要作用。中国集体领导源自政治管理领域，扎根于中国集体主义文化，广泛存在于中国企业（组织）之中。鉴于国内目前集体领导相关研究相对匮乏，本课题计划运用当代管理科学的研究手段和方法，借鉴西方领导力理论的发展经验，扎根中国企业（组织）管理实践，从集体领导的基本结构与维度、影响因素、有效性及作用机制方面切入开展系统研究。我们的目的在于对集体领导的实践和理论基础进行系统梳理，深入分析集体领导的内涵和行为表现，开发出有效、可信的测评工具，进而分析检验集体领导概念的有效性，形成一个中国式领导力思想和理论体系，区分于建立在个人主义价值观基础上的西方领导力概念，进而推动我国管理科学的创新以及中国式领导力研究的跨越式发展。

中国集体领导的概念源自政治管理领域，扎根于中国集体主义文化，广泛存在于中国企业和各类组织之中。西方一些国家的管理实践中也出现类似集体领导的模式，如美国的双CEO实践和德国企业的管理委员会制度。然而目前基于管理实践、有理论创新意义的关于集体领导力的系统性研究十分匮乏。西方学者虽然提出了类似“团队”概念的领导力模式（如共享领导、分布式领导力等），但依然是基于个人主义的视角，探讨个体叠加起来的领导力。本课题基于中国集体主义文化背景，扎根中国各类组织的管理实践，依据管理学的理论构建思路，采用量表开发方法，综合使用定性研究和定量研究，识别和确认了集体领导力的维度结构和测量条目；同时从概念上对集体领导力与其他相关领导力进行辨析，实证检验了其聚合效度与区分效度；最后通过问卷调查方法验证了集体领导力对组织绩效和员工绩效的预测效果。此外，本课题还探讨了集体领导力的多种模式、领导力与组织创新等与相关领域的研究，并取得了丰硕的研究成果。本课题围绕集体领导力开展了多视角、系统性的研究，取得的研究成果对于理解和深化中国情境下的领导力，推动我国管理学科创新具有重要的理论与实践意义。

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