基于中日法比较的转型期城市规划体系变革研究

In the past three decades after the reform and openning-up, China has finished the first step of the transition from planned economy to market economy, and the socio-economic transformation will continue along with the further proceeding of the reforms in future. Yet, urban planning, as tool of the governments of various levels to implement public policies, has far lagged behind the socio-economic development, leading to the emerging of a series of problems which are now the big concerns of the Chinese society. How should China's urban planning system be reformed to adapt to the transition of the country's socio-economic development? When the governments, as urban governor, exert the public power of urban planning to carry out administrations over urban constructions, where does the power of urban planning come? how should it function? and what are the approaches to exert it? All these questions have to be answered when we think about the future development of China's urban planning system. Learning from the history of the industrialized coutries in the west, in particular the evolution of their urban planning system, may be one of the possible ways to deal with and find out solutions to the above questions. Focussing on the legislation system, technical system and administration system of urban planning, this research will analyse the interrelationship between urban planning system reform and socio-economic development transition based on international comparative studies and case studies and in a trans-disciplinary way, and try to work out some solutions to the above questions, in particular some fundamental theories and information for restructuring China's urban planning system which can adapt to the transition of socio-economic development.

改革开放30年来，我国经济体制转型初步完成；随着改革的深化，经济体制的完善、社会转型仍将继续。城市规划作为政府实施公共政策的工具，其滞后于社会经济发展需求的状况以及因此所带来的问题开始受到广泛的关注。我国的城市规划体系应如何应对社会经济体制的转型？作为城市管理者的政府机构在行使城市规划公权力对城市建设实施管理的过程中，规划权力是如何产生的，其传递途径和手段是什么？这些都是在思考我国城市规划体系未来发展时无法回避的问题。研究作为先行者的西方工业化国家的城市规划体系演进过程是获取解决问题的思路与参考的途径之一。本研究从城市规划体系与所处社会经济背景的互动关系入手，通过实证和中外比较的方法，围绕城市规划的立法体系、技术体系和管理体系展开跨学科综合性研究，力图对上述问题有所解答，为构建我国顺应社会转型的城市规划体系提供基础信息和理论支撑。

本研究基于我国社会经济转型加速对城市规划体系变革带来的挑战，从城市规划立法体系、技术体系、管理体系三个方面，对中国、日本、法国三个国家进行深入横向对比分析，研究发现：在城市化和工业化的同一阶段，中国、日本和法国应对城市发展问题的城市规划体系具有较强的相似性，比如在城市规划技术工具的相似性等。但由于基本经济制度和土地所有制的差异，日本和法国同属于高度市场化和土地私有制的社会经济背景下，其城市规划体系也表现出更多的相似性，而我国在社会经济转型期城市规划体系变革面临更大的挑战，借鉴日本和法国进入城市化后期阶段后城市规划体系的经验教训，研究从城市规划立法体系、技术体系和管理体系提出了转型期我国城市规划体系变革的方向和建议，为构建我国顺应社会转型的城市规划体系提供基础信息和理论支撑。

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