基于轮轨滚滑接触工况的高速列车车轮多边形磨耗机理的研究

High-speed railway trains in our country have been running safely for 9 years since 2008. It suggests that the technology of Chinese high-speed trains is mature. But there are still several problems which confine the development of our high-speed trains. Among these problems, polygonalization of the wheel tread is an outstanding problem. Polygonalization of the wheel tread refers to that a round tread profile of a new wheel will be changed into a polygonal tread profile of the wheel when the wheel is used for a period of time. Polygonalization of the wheel tread will cause severe vibration of the wheel-rail system. This strong vibration has led to disassembly of the end cover of the axle box, which may cause a serious safety disaster of the high-speed trains. In applicants' previous research work, the applicants proposed a new mechanism that stick-slip vibration due to wheel-rail slip contact in brake applications of the high-speed train causes polygonalization of the wheel tread. In the present project, the applicants are planning to do a further research work on the generation mechanism for polygonalization of the wheel tread from the viewpoint of the interreaction between the stick-slip vibration of the wheel-rail system and wear of the wheel tread, based on their preliminary research progress. The applicants' research work will focus on study on generation mechanisms for stick-slip vibration of the wheel-rail system due to wheel-rail slip, study on the interreaction between the stick-slip vibration of the wheel-rail system and mass imbalances of the wheelset, friction power accumulation mechanism for polygonal wear, experimental study on polygonal wear of the wheel tread and study on the method to suppress or eliminate polygonal wear of the wheel tread. After the project is completed, the generation mechanism for polygonal wear of the wheel tread of the high-speed train will be understood and the effective method for suppressing polygonal wear of the wheel tread will be obtained. The present project is helpful not only in solving polygonal wear of the wheel tread of the high-speed train, but also in developing the basic theories of friction-induced vibration and vehicle system dynamics.

我国高速列车安全运行9个年头说明我国高速列车技术是比较成熟的。但存在的问题也不少，其中车轮多边形磨耗就是一个突出问题。车轮多边形磨耗是指新造圆顺的车轮踏面轮廓使用一段时间后变成了多边形轮廓。具有多边形轮廓的车轮在钢轨上滚动时能引起轮轨系统的强烈振动，该振动业已引起轴箱端盖等脱落到线路上，易造成重大行车安全事故。申请人在前期研究工作中提出高速列车制动滚滑引起的摩擦粘滑振动可能是车轮多边形磨耗的产生机理。本项目在此基础上，从轮轨粘滑振动与材料不均匀磨损相互作用的角度，重点研究高速列车制动滚滑引起轮轨粘滑振动的机制、轮轨粘滑振动与轮对偏心的耦合作用、车轮多边形磨耗的摩擦功叠加机制、车轮多边形磨耗的试验研究，以及车轮多边形磨耗的控制方法等内容，揭示高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的产生机理，提出有效的控制方法。本项目不仅有助于解决高速列车突出的安全问题，而且还能发展摩擦振动和车辆动力学的基础理论。

车轮多边形磨耗是我国高速铁路自2008年8月开行以来遇到的最严重的技术问题之一，其引起的轮轨动态附加载荷严重影响到高速列车的行车安全。目前，国内外学术届对车轮多边形磨耗发生机理的认识严重不足，前期除了镟切车轮以外没有其它主动控制车轮多边形磨耗的办法。.在本项目的主要研究工作：（1）建立了高速铁路轮对-钢轨-轨道板系统的摩擦自激振动模型，研究了其摩擦自激振动发生的条件，探讨了影响车轮多边形磨耗的主要因素；（2）建立轮轨粘-滑振动与轮对偏心耦合作用的摩擦自激振动模型，探讨了轮对重心偏心对车轮多边形磨耗的影响；（3）线路实测了有、无车轮多边形磨耗条件下的轴箱振动，线路试验验证了钢轨波磨模型；（4）通过试验数据分析研究了引起车轮多边形磨耗和钢轨波磨的条件；（5）研究了研磨子抑制车轮多边形磨耗的机理。.本项目取得的重要研究成果：（1）提出高速铁路制动工况下轮轨蠕滑力饱和导致的轮轨系统摩擦自激振动是引起车轮多边形磨耗的主要机理，该机理与钢轨波磨发生机理高度一致，轮轨摩擦自激振动既能引起车轮的多边形磨耗，也能引起钢轨的波磨，科学解释了为何高速铁路车轮多边形磨耗与钢轨波磨的频率十分接近的原因。（2）轮轨粘-滑振动和轮对偏心的耦合作用加剧了车轮多边形磨耗的发生；（3）提出了钢轨波磨预测模型验证的基准工况，指出传统钢轨波磨理论没有考虑线路曲线半径的重要影响、现行钢轨波磨理论预测波磨的准确率偏低、钢轨波磨验证工况没有普遍性；（4）获得了高速列车车轮多边形磨耗的主频率；（5）认识了研磨子抑制车轮多边形磨耗的机理主要包括研磨子能够提高轮轨粘着系数、以及研磨子能够磨削车轮多边形轮廓进而抑制车轮多边形磨耗等两个方面。.本项目共发表论文43篇，其中SCI收录论文18篇、EI收录论文11篇，授权发明专利1项，培养博士研究生2人，硕士研究生14人。

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