具有智能缓蚀与自修复功能的新型水凝胶涂层的设计与研究

The inner wall baseplate of the storage tank in offshore is subjected to marine corrosion-related damage, which causes an amount of economic loss, crude oil leakage, and environmental pollution. The bottom plate corrosion is mainly due to (a) the corrosive sedimentary water deposits on the bottom of the oil tank, and (b) the solid particles mixed in the crude oil are aggressive to destroy the protective coatings under floating and abrasion. The traditional coatings, however, are limited to protect the metals because the uncontrolled corrosion and the erosion by the solid particles can weaken or destroy the coatings. Although the metal corrosion could be inhibited or retarded by adding inhibitors to the solution, the problems still remain such as large does, high cost and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, the traditional self-healing coatings are limited in the corrosive condition. In this work, we propose a smart-corrosion inhibition and self-healing hydrogel coating for improving corrosion resistance and extending the service life of metal plate. By introducing the inhibitors to coatings with electrostatic interaction, the coatings could exhibit the proactive protection with releasing the inhibitors to the corrosion region; meanwhile, by introducing the dynamic bonds to coatings, they could show self-healing performance at both mechanical and anti-corrosive behaviors. The aim of our study is to prepare the intelligent anti-corrosive coatings with smart-releasing inhibitors and self-healing functions and understand their releasing and self-healing mechanism. Such a project will provide a new route for preparing long-term anti-corrosion, cost-saving coatings, which is vital to the petrochemical industry.

近海原油钢制储罐极易在日常的使用中遭受到海洋环境的腐蚀，其中罐底板穿孔占储罐腐蚀事故比率最高，不仅造成严重的经济问题，还会引起原油泄漏，污染附近海域。钢制储罐底板的腐蚀，主要受到底部沉积的腐蚀性物质侵蚀以及原油中固体颗粒物的冲刷、磨损影响等。通常采用添加缓蚀剂和引入自修复材料解决上述两个问题。但是传统缓蚀剂用量大、经济效益低、不够环保；以前自修复材料的设计很少针对腐蚀环境下研究材料自修复效率。针对上述两个问题，本研究提出了制备具有智能缓蚀和自修复功能的水凝胶涂层。利用静电作用在凝胶网络上吸附带负电荷的聚磷酸盐缓蚀剂，在金属局部腐蚀时利用金属离子与聚磷酸盐具有更强的络合能力实现缓蚀剂智能释放，钝化腐蚀区域；同时在水凝胶中构建静电作用和氢键作用等动态键，赋予凝胶涂层损伤后自修复功能。本项目的顺利实施，将为实现防腐涂层的智能化提供理论指导，对提高储罐的服役周期、节约成本提供新的解决方案。