住宅郊区化背景下家的营造和身份建构——以广州市为例

Home is a rich and important site for geographical study. The home is not only a physical location as house, apart from its physical protection and market value, a home is a place where personal and social meanings are grounded. In 1970s and 1980s, the home is understood in association with the ideas of privacy, intimacy, domesticity and comfort, one of the most idealized places where human beings can retreat and relax. This positive and affective understanding of home was subject to critique in that the experience of home is not homogeneous, and feelings of solidarity, safety, and protection are often achieved by severe acts of exclusion and regulation, which are in turn oppressive. Following the above understanding of home, this research examines the suburban home at Guangzhou, China: the new arrival of gated communities and local village. The rise of gated communities has becomes a global phenomenon. Accordingly, the discussion around gated communities has been lively with observations in a variety of cities world widely. However, most of the research focuses on the spatial, institutional, economic and social dimensions of gated community, such as explaining the proliferation of this private spatial form arguing the social effects and discussing the governance and planning issue of gated communities while the cultural analysis of the emergence of gated communities is relatively weak. This research adopting the critical conceptualization of home, analyze this bounded residential developments through those multi-dimensions of social differentiations. The aim is to demonstrate the process that home is spatialized and politicized within China's specific social context. Alongside with the empirical analysis of the gated communities, this research will also examine the adjacent neighborhood, which is inadequately investigated. This study contributes to the further understanding of the relationship between the boundary, the home-making practice and the construction of identity, and also makes new perspective to the debate on gated communities worldwide.

在我国住宅郊区化背景下，大型门禁社区侵入郊区，与周边农村仅一墙之隔，围墙两边则是社会经济背景和物质生活环境形成强烈对比的两个世界。本论文拟从"家"的理论视角出发去探讨这一现象，分析家的感知、空间政治和身份构建，尤其是揭示门禁社区的围墙和大门等边界与家和身份构建之间的关系。研究不仅仅关注门禁社区居民，更关注周边农村的村民和在门禁社区周边农村租房的流动务工者。门禁社区作为一种全球现象引起了学界的广泛关注。当前研究中，空间、制度、经济和社会维度是学者们关注的焦点，对门禁社区的文化分析则相对薄弱；另一方面，"家"是地理学研究一个丰富且重要的话题，也是理解社会和空间的关键场所，尽管境外已经涌现出一批学术成果，目前国内对家的研究较为欠缺。本研究将有助于补充和完善对门禁社区理解，并为家的地理学研究积累新的案例研究和学术探讨。

我国正经历着巨大的社会和空间的变迁。人的流动性在加剧，同时地方也发生了根本性的变化，对人、地方乃至社会既是机遇也是挑战。这一背景下，“家”的观念和归属感的重构是值得关注的问题。课题通过对大城市郊区景观的关注，试图揭示“家”在这一情境下的重构，以及不同方式之间的关联。本课题通过实地观察、深度访谈和问卷调查等方法，主要探讨三个问题：家的观念、家的景观和家的营造实践。本课题的研究结果主要体现在以下三个方面：首先，基于中外文献综述和案例研究提炼“家”的观念。发现家的观念具有弹性，并非基于固定的因素。相反，人们围绕他们拥有的不同资源产生家的观念。另一方面，温暖、愉悦和安全的家的感觉是建构在内和外的二元划分基础上，这让“家”成为空间竞争的结果。一个人“家”的营造可能同时也使其他人失去了家。这正与封闭社区的逻辑相对应，这也为后期研究边界和家的关系奠定了理论基础。其次，课题对边界这一郊区景观进行了实证研究，发现郊区的物质空间经历了越来越破碎化的过程，对安全感、私密性和归属感的追求是封闭社区在我国发展的重要需求因素；最后，课题探讨了大城市郊区“家”的营造，边界是最重要的空间策略。郊区生活的三类人群-门禁社区居民，当地村民和流动务工者，毗邻而居但均以不同的方式被“移置”，在本地和移民，富裕和贫困，城市和农村的二元关系下，每个人群拥有不同的资源和策略来构建、重构和定义他们家的感觉，课题通过实证研究分析了相关策略和资源，尤其关注这一情境下边界的作用以及包含/排斥的过程。城市扩张、土地开发和人的流动不仅仅对土地利用和建筑环境造成巨大影响，对人的身份和归属感也同样具有深刻的作用。因此城市化也是一个社会工程，需要从社会和文化进程的视角去更好地理解它。本课题通过研究人是如何城市化，以及研究他们如何在流动性和竞争性的空间内建构家的观念，能够更好地从社会文化过程的角度理解城市化。

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