水力平衡涡轮对垂直钻具中盘阀控制性能的优化机制研究

The more precise deviation ability is needed as the oil and gas exploration has expanded to deep layer and deep ocean area. Without expense and sensitive electronic components, fully mechanical automatic vertical drilling system is economical, safe, reliable, and is suitable for complex environment, like under high temperature and severe vibration, has a broad application prospects. Eccentric platform is now widely applied in automatic vertical drilling system. However, due to the friction between the upper valve and the lower valve, as well as the vibration caused by bottom hole assembly, the control accuracy of deviation is very low, which is a key factor to restrict the development of mechanical system. Inclination now can be controlled no more than 1° with advanced product abroad, but this technology is still blocked to foreigners. Method using hydraulic balance turbine to drive upper valve is proposed for the first time in this project. This can achieve a “soft” connection between eccentric platform and the upper valves, using hydraulic balance turbine to drive upper valve can eliminate the effect of the friction between the upper valve and the lower valve, and optimize the valve control ability. Therefore, deviation precision will be improved greatly. Through theoretical method, simulation and experiments, dynamic balance and servo performance of hydraulic balance turbine, along with effect law that vertical drilling tool vibration has on eccentric platform and hydraulic balance turbine will be studied. Combined with dynamic measurement data, kinetic characteristics of dynamic push the bit system will be researched. This will provide theoretical basis for designing hydraulic balance turbine and valve structure in the fully mechanical automatic vertical drilling system, which will help to achieve international advanced inclination control level.

随着油气、地质勘探领域不断向深地、深海进军，井斜问题日益突出。机械式自动垂直钻井工具无昂贵且敏感的电子元件，经济、安全、可靠，可适应井下高温、振动等复杂环境，具有广阔应用前景。目前常用的机械式自动垂钻工具采用偏重平台-盘阀机构，由于上下盘阀之间的摩擦阻力以及底部钻具振动的影响，井斜控制精度低，成为制约其发展的主要因素，国外同类产品虽已将井斜控制在1°以内，但技术封锁。本项目首次提出采用水力平衡涡轮带动上盘阀稳定，实现偏重平台和盘阀之间的“软”连接，阻隔摩擦阻力及底部钻具振动对偏重平台的影响，优化盘阀控制性能，提高纠斜精度。通过理论、仿真及实验的方法研究水力平衡涡轮的动态平衡及随动性能，揭示动态推靠导向钻具的动力学行为对水力平衡涡轮和偏重平台的影响规律，形成水力平衡涡轮优化作用下机械式自动垂钻工具的设计方法及理论体系，为我国机械式自动垂钻的井斜控制精度达到国际先进水平提供支撑。

机械式自动垂直钻具由于采用纯机械式结构，对于高温、高压工况下的作业有着天然的优势，同时其生产制造成本较低，应用前景十分广阔。但当前市场主流的机械式自动垂直钻具被国外公司垄断，尽管国内已开展相关研究多年，但在响应灵敏度、纠斜精度方面仍与国外存在着较大差距，通过水力平衡涡轮实现了偏重平台和上盘阀之间的“软”连接，优化盘阀控制性能，可显著提升机械式垂直钻井的井斜控制精度，其优点体现在以下两个方面：其一，有效避免了上下盘阀摩擦阻力以及底部钻具扭转、粘滑振动对偏重平台的影响；其二，利用水力平衡涡轮特有的随动与滞后特性，可对偏重块的振动起到缓冲作用，有效减少偏重块摆动对上盘阀的影响，提升控制的稳定性。本项目揭示了水力平衡涡轮的动态平衡及随动性能，及底部钻具的动力学行为对水力平衡涡轮和偏重平台的影响规律，形成了水力平衡涡轮优化作用下机械式垂钻的设计方法及理论体系。项目执行过程中共发表学术论文10篇，其中其中SCI、EI检索论文9篇，申请国家发明专利3项，出版Springer全英文专著1部，培养博士研究生1名，硕士研究生2名。

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