双重底线、双元合法与双性组织：社会创业核心要素及其影响机制

Social entrepreneurship starting with the mission of “doing business for the good” has been booming in current China, where social conflicts and mass entrepreneurship practice emerges together. Previous studies have not identified adequate knowledge about the key factors and mechanisms for social entrepreneurship. The present project focuses on the key features of “duality”of social entrepreneurship which aims to link business with philanthropy, in three ways. The first way looks at “double bottom”, the foundamental motivation of social entrepreneurship; the second way examines “dual legitimacy”, the key mediating mechanism underlying the social venture journey; the third way considers “hybrid organizing” as contextual factors of social entrepreneurship. The project intends to develop a causal relationship between double bottom, dual legitimacy and social entrepreneurship performance. The investigation will be longitudinally undertaken on two categories of organizations, social organization and peer-certificated social enterprise through stratified randomed sampling based on multiple regions, multiple functions, multiple phases and multiple methods. Through that the project may contributes the social entrepreneurial theories in three aspects: ①identifying the dynamic existence and interaction between marketing capability and social mission, on the basis of paradox theory; ②looking into the construct and dimensions of dual legitimacy of social entrepreneurship; ③examining the moderating effects of hybrid organizing on the social entrepreneurial performance. Overall, the project could innovatively extend the theories toward social entrepreneurship and offer new implication for the practitioners in China.

在社会矛盾突显和创新创业涌动的当下中国，“以商业手段解决社会问题”为使命的社会创业日显生机。以往研究对社会创业的关键要素及其对创业绩效影响过程探索不足。本项目紧扣社会创业链接公益与商业“双性”特质，以“双重底线”为社会创业动力基础，以“双元合法”为社会创业获取社会信任的关键机理，以“双性组织”为社会创业组织形态的情境因素，试图构建“双重底线-双元合法性-社会创业绩效”因果逻辑主线。调查聚焦民非型社会组织和社创同行认定的企业组织两类主流形态，采取分区域、分类别的分层随机取样方法，以多阶段、多方法为途径采集纵向数据。本项目有望在三方面取得理论突破：①基于相悖理论主张，揭示市场能力和社会使命的共生性和互益性。②基于组织合法性原理，探索社会创业合法性的特殊构念以及关键维度；③基于双性组织分类，揭示社会创业绩效生成的调节机制。总体来说，本项目将在丰富社会创业理论和探索中国实践两方面取得进展。