汉语亚词汇语义加工的发展研究

Prior studies focusing on the morphemic processing (Sub-lexical meaning unit usually mean the morpheme) in Children could be divided into two directions. In the first direction, researchers explored the development of morphological awareness and its relationships to word reading and/or reading comprehension. In the second direction, the issues whether morphemes could be activated automatically during word reading have been investigated, focusing on the implicit effects of morphemes. In the present proposal, we are interested in the issues of the second direction. This is because relative to the issues in the first direction, the morphological effects could be examined during the word reading in the second direction, which is more natural and could reflect the morphological processing in real reading comprehension. Therefore, in the present proposal, we will explore the implicit effects of morphemes from the following aspects: 1) in study 1, the issue whether morphemic meanings could be activated during word reading both in Chinese Children and adults will be explored; 2) in study 2, using ERPs, the effects of N250 and N400 associated with morphological processing will be examined during reading development; 3) in study 3: combining with the explicit morphological awareness test, its relationship to the implicit morphological processing will be investigated.

在过去的近30年内，研究者大体上沿着两个方向关注了亚词汇语义在汉语言发展中的作用:一是通过对亚词汇语义知识或称语素意识的测量，探讨外显的语素意识的发展情况，以及这种语素意识与儿童字词认读或阅读理解的关系；二是通过对在线（online）的字词阅读过程的监控，考察了亚词汇语义的自动激活过程，隶属于内隐语素效应的探讨。分析这两方向研究，我们发现以往研究过多地集中在对外显语素意识的探讨上，研究者对内隐语素效应的研究还不充分，内隐语素效应与外显语素意识的关系不明。针对这些问题，本研究计划结合行为和ERPs（Event-related potentials）技术，在字词阅读过程中探讨亚词汇语义在汉语言发展中的作用；推进生理指标如ERPs在语言发展研究中的价值；揭示外显语素意识与内隐语素语义效应的关系。这些问题的解决一方面有利于完善汉语言语义发展模型；另一方面在小学语文教学中有潜在应用价值。