粉煤灰基沸石固定化微生物对低温地区陆地泄漏原油的生物降解机理

Land-based petroleum spills have the characteristics of sudden occurred, large amount and fast speed of leakage, and wide pollution area, which have caused serious lasting damage to terrestrial ecosystems. The study will focus on the in-situ remediation of land-based petroleum spills of Daqing and Liaohe oil field in cold environments of northeast China. Different types of zeolites are synthesized by fly ash which is solid waste of typical thermal power plant in northeast China. The adsorption mechanism of the main pollutants which are alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and PAHs of spilled petroleum is elucidated by the analysis of mathematical adsorption model and key influencing factors of absorption efficiency. High efficient cold-adapted petroleum degrading bacteria can be screened and then use 454 high-throughput sequencing and microbial metabolites GC-MS determination to analyze the microbial community composition of petroleum contaminate soil and the pathway of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation, and the biodegradable mechanism and the key parameter of biodegradation under cold environments is elucidated. The physico-chemical adsorption and microbial degradation will be organicly combined to reveal the synergetic degradation mechanism of zeolitized fly ash and immobilized oil degradation bacteria to different pollutant components of alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and PAHs in land spilled petroleum. The study can provide scientific basis for treatment of land spilled petroleum under cold environments.

陆地原油泄漏事故具有突发性、泄漏量大、泄漏速度快、污染面积广的特点，常对陆地生态系统造成严重的持续性破坏。本项目针对我国东北低温地区大庆油田、辽河油田陆地泄漏原油的原位处理问题，采用东北地区典型热电厂固体废弃物粉煤灰制备不同类型沸石，通过吸附数学模型和吸附效果的关键影响因素分析，阐明粉煤灰基沸石对泄漏原油中烷烃、芳香烃与PAHs等主要污染物的吸附机制；筛选高效低温石油烃降解菌，通过454高通量测序和微生物代谢产物GC-MS测定，分析石油烃污染土壤中微生物群落组成及石油烃生物降解途径，阐明粉煤灰基沸石固定化石油降解菌对陆地泄漏原油的生物降解机理及低温条件下生物降解的关键参数；将物理化学吸附与微生物降解有机结合，揭示粉煤灰基沸石与固定化石油烃降解菌对陆地泄漏原油中烷烃、芳香烃、PAHs等不同污染物组分的协同降解作用机理，为我国低温地区陆地泄漏原油处理提供科学依据。