EPA缩醛磷脂在消化道不同部位消化、吸收和代谢特征解析

EPA plasmalogen is a unique and ubiquitous new nutritional ingredient for aquatic products, but lacks studies on digestion, absorption and metabolism. We have found that EPA plasmalogen ethanolamine (EPA-pPE) is retained in the second half of the digestive tract for a long time and is eventually degraded by the intestinal flora, which is different from the digestion and absorption of normal lipids in the small intestine, indicating that the digestion and absorption process of EPA plasmalogen is unique. Notably, the relationship between its structural characteristics and digestion and absorption and how the EPA plasmalogen interacts with the intestinal flora remain to be explored. This project uses EPA-pPE as raw material to prepare a series of EPA plasmalogens with different structures. It is intended to use in vitro digestion and absorption simulation system and in vivo animal experiments to identify the relationship between structural characteristics of EPA plasmalogen and its digestion and absorption by lipidomics and other techniques. In addition, the in vitro simulated intestinal microbial system and in vivo intestinal microbial flora experiments are combined to detect the changes of intestinal flora and metabolites of EPA plasmalogen in the large intestine and blood, which elucidates the interaction between EPA plasmalogen and intestinal flora. This project has originality in the study of EPA plasmalogen digestion and absorption and metabolism characteristics. The research results will enrich the theoretical basis of EPA plasmalogen nutrition metabolism characteristics and provide scientific basis for its nutritional efficacy research.

EPA缩醛磷脂是水产品独特而普遍存在的新型营养功效因子，但缺乏消化吸收和代谢特性研究。前期研究发现，与一般脂质在小肠就被消化和吸收不同，EPA缩醛磷脂酰乙醇胺（EPA-pPE）长时间滞留于消化道后半段并最终被肠道菌群降解利用，表明EPA缩醛磷脂消化吸收过程有独特性，其结构特点与消化吸收之间的关系及其如何与肠道菌群相互作用有待探索。本项目以EPA-pPE为原料，制备系列具有差异结构的EPA缩醛磷脂，利用体外消化吸收模拟系统和体内动物实验，通过脂质组学等技术，明确EPA缩醛磷脂结构特点与消化吸收之间的关系；通过体外模拟肠道微生物系统结合体内实验，研究EPA缩醛磷脂在大肠及血液中的代谢产物与肠道菌群的变化，阐明EPA缩醛磷脂与肠道菌群的相互作用关系。本项目在EPA缩醛磷脂消化吸收和代谢特性研究方面具有原创性，研究结果将为水产食品特征性成分EPA缩醛磷脂的营养功效研究提供理论依据。

EPA缩醛磷脂是水产品独特而普遍存在的新型营养功效因子，其sn-1位具有O-顺式-烯醚键，sn-2位主要连接多不饱和脂肪酸EPA。研究表明EPA缩醛磷脂乙醇胺由于sn-1位烯醚键的特殊功效，在改善脑功能方面具有乙酯型EPA、甘油三酯型EPA所不具备的生理活性。然而，EPA缩醛磷脂消化代谢特性不明致使体内活性的确切机制解析遇到瓶颈。本项目阐明了EPA缩醛磷脂结构特点与其消化吸收之间的关系及其如何与肠道菌群相互作用。结果表明，进入消化道的部分EPA缩醛磷脂被磷脂酶A2水解为溶血磷脂和EPA，磷脂的sn-1位置的烯醚键被保留，释放的EPA迅速进入肠细胞并进入循环；部分EPA缩醛磷脂可以进入菌群丰富的消化道后半段，最终被肠道菌群降解利用。EPA缩醛磷脂独特的消化和吸收过程不同于一般磷脂，是一种独有的现象。EPA可在血清中以高浓度水平长时间停留，表明EPA缩醛磷脂不只是一种短暂的循环分子。膳食EPA缩醛磷脂可以改变菌群丰富的大肠内代谢产物胆汁酸谱，这主要是与改变了肠道内与胆汁酸代谢相关菌群的丰度有关。本项目在EPA缩醛磷脂消化吸收和代谢特性研究方面具有原创性，研究结果为阐明水产食品特征性成分EPA缩醛磷脂的营养功效研究提供理论依据，为研究和开发具有益生功效且富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的缩醛磷脂新型食品功能因子奠定理论基础。

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