用于微波输能的可重构高效功放天线一体化研究

With the development of national “Sea-power strategy” from offshore to deep sea, unmanned vehicles powered by clean electric energy, such as unmanned surface boats and vessels, have emerged as a technology with unique advantages for many maritime activities. However, battery technology and the harsh marine environment severely restrict the endurance and operation range of unmanned vehicles. Microwave power transmission is capable of non-contact, long-range and highly-directive energy transfer and this makes it a viable and potentially effective way to supply power to unmanned vehicles and sensors at sea. There are two key technical challenges to be tackled to realize high-efficiency microwave transmitting sources and seaborne microwave energy transmission system. The first is to achieve highly-efficient antenna-integrated power transmission amplifier (AIPTA). This includes the challenge of maintaining high-efficiency of the AIPTA under variable output power levels. The second challenge is the realization of AIPTA with tunable operating frequencies to cater for the diverse application scenarios at sea. This project will propose and investigate co-design methods for AIPTA based on GaN power amplifiers. Furthermore, the efficiency optimization mechanism of AIPTA under widely tunable output powers will investigated by combining the control of drain bias voltage and input power with the application of BST variable capacitors. The project will demonstrate the design and implementation of frequency-agile tunable AIPTA. The success of this project will help to overcome the theoretical and technical hurdles in the design of last-stage power amplifier and antenna of microwave sources. It also provides the enabling techniques for the further realization of high-efficiency microwave power transmission systems and other high-end microwave transmitters.

随着国家“海洋强国战略”逐渐从近海走向远海，采用清洁电力能源推进的无人船、艇等高技术无人设备凭借其独特的优势，正成为海上活动的新一代作业工具。受限于电池技术和海洋环境，无人设备的能量补给成为限制其实现更远距离作业的瓶颈。微波输能具有非接触、远距离、高定向等特点，为未来海上无人设备和传感器的现场能量补给提供了有效手段。如何实现高效率（包括输出功率调谐下的高效率）的功放和天线融合设计，以及工作频率电调宽带覆盖，成为实现高效率微波发射源、构建海上微波输能系统必须优先解决的技术难题。本项目基于GaN功率放大器，研究高效功放天线协同设计方法；结合漏极偏置电压与输入功率调控策略和BST可变电容，研究输出功率宽范围调谐的效率优化机理和高效功放天线的工作频率电调方法，解决微波发射源中末级功放和信号发射部分面临的理论和技术难题，为后续实现高效率微波输能系统和其他高效发射机提供关键技术支撑。

随着国家“海洋强国战略”逐渐从近海走向远海，采用清洁电力能源推进的无人船、艇等高技术无人设备凭借其独特的优势，正成为海上活动的新一代作业工具。受限于电池技术和海洋环境，无人设备的能量补给成为限制其实现更远距离作业的瓶颈。微波输能具有非接触、远距离、高定向等特点，为未来海上无人设备和传感器的现场能量补给提供了有效手段。本项目围绕海上微波输能系统发射源中末级功放和天线的互连方式展开研究。在三年的项目执行期内：深入研究了平面天线的阻抗特性分析与调控方法，获得了高效率F类AIPTA一体化协同设计方法；通过控制功放晶体管偏置电压研究输出功率宽范围调谐下的效率优化机理，结合可变电容加载下平面天线阻抗调控技术，建立了工作频率和输出功率电调的高效率AIPTA设计实现方法，为海上高功率、高效率MPT发射机及阵列化设计提供技术支撑。此外，项目研究获得的成果还可应用于无线通信或雷达系统的新型发射和接收机架构设计和实现，改善系统的整体性能。特别是当工作频率上升到毫米波频段时，传统设计方法实现的电路中电路尺寸、损耗、寄生辐射等问题日益突出，使用本项目方法能有效避免这些问题。这进一步凸显出该一体化设计方法在高频段无线系统中的优势。

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