锈革孔菌科真菌在全球范围的多样性和系统发育

Hymenochaetaceae is one of the most important groups of basidiomycetes. This family accommodates more than 50 medicinal fungi and over 40 forest pathogens. The taxonomy of Hymenochaetaceae has been extensively focused on in the Northern Hemisphere; however, more efforts to the global diversity and especially the molecular phylogeny of this family are badly needed in terms of several reasons as follows: 1) the species diversity around the world is not fully clear; 2) the delimitation at the generic levels is still controversial and lacks molecular supports; 3) the investigation on the interspecies affinity of certain important genera is not well performed; and 4) how the species in the important complex (mostly forest pathogens) closely related to the host trees originate and their coevolutionary relationships with the host trees are unknown. To fulfill these knowledge gaps, this project will expand the Hymenochaetace study from China to Europe, America, Africa and Oceania, and elucidate the global diversity of Hymenochaetaceae. The aim of this project is, with the aid of multilocus analyses, to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among all genera within the Hymenochaetaceae and among the species within certain important genera, and to reveal the mechnisms of the origin and evolution of closely related species in certain important complexes. These results might dramatically improve our knowledge on Hymenochaetaceae, including the species diversity and origination, taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships at both generic and species levels, and also provide essential insights into the origin and evolution of macrofungi. Through this project, Chinese mycological study will occupy the world top level in the field and play a leading role in the taxonomy and phylogeny of macrofungi.

锈革孔菌科是担子菌中最重要的类群之一，包括药用真菌50余种和林木病原菌40余种。虽然过去在北半球对锈革孔菌科有一定的研究，但对该科在全球范围的多样性和分子系统学研究还很不充分，主要表现在：1）全球范围内种类多样性不清楚；2）属级分类单元存在很多争议，缺乏分子证据支持；3）属内种间系统发育关系研究不充分；4）与寄主关系密切的复合群内物种形成及其与寄主的协同演化关系不明确。针对上述问题，本项目拟在对中国锈革孔菌科研究的基础上，将研究范围扩展到全球，论述该科真菌在全球的多样性和系统学；同时应用多基因序列对该科所有属进行系统发育分析，对重要属进行种间系统发育研究，分析重要复合类群内的物种形成和演化机制。研究结果将对锈革孔菌科物种多样性、属种间亲缘关系和物种形成有一个深入认识，为大型真菌起源和演化研究提供理论基础，使我国锈革孔菌科研究占据本领域的国际前沿，提升我国真菌学者在世界真菌学研究的引领作用。

锈革孔菌科是担子菌中最重要的类群之一，包括药用真菌50余种和林木病原菌40余种。虽然过去在北半球对锈革孔菌科有一定的研究，但对该科在全球范围的多样性和分子系统学研究还很不充分。本项目从全球11个国家的标本馆借阅标本640余号，从五大洲国外17个国家采集标本1050号，从国内几乎所有森林生态系统采集标本2200余号，并研究了保藏在北京林业大学微生物所标本馆的过去20年从世界各地采集的锈革孔菌科标本3000余号。基于上述标本材料的研究，发现锈革孔菌科真菌34属690种；同时应用多基因序列对该科所有34属进行了系统发育分析，对Coltricia、Coltriciella、Fomitiporia、Fulvifomes、Hymenochaete、Inocutis、Inonotus、Onnia、Phellinidium、Phellinopsis、Porodaedalea、Fomitiporella、Fuscoporia、Neomensularia、Phylloporia、Sanghuangporus和Tropicoporus等属进行了属内种间系统发育研究。建立了锈革孔菌科最新的分类系统，制定了分属和分种检索表。研究还发现了新属7个，新种94个，新组合种26个。研究结果丰富了锈革孔菌科在全球的多样性，使我国锈革孔菌科研究占据了本领域的国际前沿，提升了我国真菌学者在世界真菌学研究的引领作用。研究期间发表论文21篇。

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