近地空间环境下含Sc铝合金的高速撞击特性研究及可靠性评估

This project is aim to develop a novel Sc-containing alloy which possesses high resistive performances to hypervelocity impact by space debris in the Low Earth Orbit. This research will be accomplished by collaborating with Russian scientists. Both the dynamic indicator and the quasi-static indicator will be considered when designing the characteristic of the material. Sc-containing aluminum alloy will first be treated by the interspace thermal cycles and the interspace radiation simulation equipment, and then subjected to the hypervelocity impact test. The hypervelocity impact characteristics and the dynamic failure mode of the Sc-containing aluminum alloy will be studied. The coupling effect of the thermal cycles and radiation on the properties and resistive characteristics to the hypervelocity impact of the Sc-containing aluminum alloy will be studied. And the characteristics evolution law of the material in the Low Earth Orbit will be analyzed. The microstructure evolution law of the Sc-containing aluminum alloy under hypervelocity impact and the effect of Al3Sc or Al3(Sc,Zr) on the resistance to hypervelocity impact will be studied. And the hypervelocity impact behavior of Sc-containing aluminum alloy will be analyzed and the ballistic limit equations/curves will be established. To further analyze the dynamic response of hypervelocity impact, finite element coupled with smooth particle methods was used to simulate the hypervelocity impact process. A reliability assessment will be done on the resistive ability of the Sc-containing aluminum alloy to hypervelocity impact by the space debris in the Low Earth Orbit. At last, the databases of the resistive characteristics to the hypervelocity impact and the dynamic failure modes of the Sc-containing aluminum alloy will be established, which could provide theoretical guidance and technical supports to the material selection and protective structure design of spacecrafts in our country.

本项目采用动态指标与准静态指标相结合的材料设计方法，中俄共同研制开发具备在近地空间环境中抗空间碎片高速撞击性能的含Sc铝合金新材料。通过空间热循环、空间辐射模拟以及地面超高速撞击试验，研究含Sc铝合金在近地空间环境下的超高速撞击特性及动态失效模式。研究空间环境作用对含Sc铝合金的组织性能及抗高速撞击性能的影响，分析材料在近地空间环境下的性能演化规律；研究含Sc铝合金在高速撞击下的组织演变规律及材料微观组织对抗撞击性能的影响，分析Al3Sc或Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子对组织演变和抗高速撞击性能的影响机制；分析含Sc铝合金的高速撞击动力学行为，建立撞击极限曲线/方程，并通过有限元与光滑粒子耦合的仿真手段，进一步分析超高速撞击的动力学响应。最后，对含Sc铝合金在近地空间环境中抗高速撞击性能做出可靠性评估，建立高速撞击特性数据库及动态失效模式数据库，为我国航天器选材和防护设计提供理论及技术支持。

含Sc铝合金是航天器结构主体材料，然而空间碎片的高速撞击会对航天器造成损伤，同时空间环境效应又会进一步加深破坏程度。为保护航天器，迫切需要开展有关铝钪合金在空间环境下的高速撞击损伤行为研究。本课题以空间防护重大需求为牵引，创新性地提出将材料组织及性能作为空间防护结构优化设计依据之一的方案，采用模拟近地空间环境试验、理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法，重点研究高速撞击下铝钪合金的结构演变与损伤行为，铝钪合金在近地空间环境多因素作用下的失效机理，建立防护结构的失效准则及评估方法。通过上述研究，为航天器的选材和结构设计提供科学依据。.通过高速撞击实验，获取新一代含钪铝合金的超高速撞击特性数据和损伤失效模式，分析其超高速撞击的损伤规律和损伤机理，为国产新材料及其防护结构的失效准则以及超高速撞击实验研究方法等相应标准规范的建立打下基础。同时为建立满足航天器空间碎片风险评估与防护结构优化设计的撞击特性数据库提供实验和理论依据，这对航天器的防护设计具有重要的工程实际意义。同时，也为铝钪合金在航天器上的广泛应用奠定基础，提升我国在航天器结构选材和设计领域的国际竞争力。

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