盐湖镁资源的有效利用与产品工程

Qinghai salt lake is the potash base of our country. It produces 8-10 tons of magnesium chloride for 1 ton of potash. The existing waste of hundreds of millions of tons of magnesium chloride is increasing every year. Therefore, the key of the effective utilization of Qinghai salt lake resources lies in the downstream digestion of magnesium resources. To date, the magnesium products contain magnesium alloys, magnesium hydroxide and magnesia, which are mainly low quality, raw products, low added value with poor economic benefit. Such situation cannot meet the demand of spare magnesium resources. In this project, we aim to "effective use magnesium resources in Qinghai salt lake". Two key scientific questions are proposed including "the structure design of magnesium based materials and preparation process intensification" and the "interface control and product performance of magnesium based materials to strengthen". From the perspective of the wide range and enormous quantity, strategic reserves consideration and high value-added utilization of salt lake magnesium resources, we would like to develop three kinds of materials including Mg-based building materials, Mg-based energy material and Mg-based function material as three kinds of export. Additionally, we also take a consideration of the "chlorine" circulation problems in the process of resource utilization. Through the project implementation, we wish to reveal the preparation mechanism and structure-activity relationship of magnesium based materials. At the same time, we would like to breakthrough the technical bottlenecks of magnesium resources utilization, make a series of magnesium products, set up a batch of demonstration plant and production lines, and speed up the comprehensive utilization of Qinghai salt lake magnesium resources.

青海盐湖是我国的钾肥基地，每生产1吨钾肥副产8-10吨氯化镁，现有废弃数亿吨氯化镁，每年还在不断增加。因此，青海盐湖资源综合利用的关键在于巨量镁资源的下游消化。现有镁产品主要以镁合金、氢氧化镁及镁砂为主，所生产的产品以低档、初级产品为主，产品附加值低、经济效益差，根本无法满足闲镁消纳需求的局面。本项目围绕“盐湖镁资源有效利用”的一个目标，凝练了“镁基材料的结构设计与制备过程强化”和“镁基材料的界面控制和产品性能强化”两类关键科学问题，提出以“镁基建筑材料、镁基能源材料和镁基功能材料”作为三类功能出口，从量大面广、战略储备和高附加值三个出发点考虑盐湖镁资源的有效利用问题，同时兼顾考虑到镁资源利用过程中的“氯”循环问题。通过项目实施，要揭示镁基材料的制备机理和构效关系，突破盐湖镁资源到镁产品的技术瓶颈，形成一批镁产品集群，建立一批示范装置和生产线，推进青海盐湖镁资源的综合利用。

围绕盐湖资源有效利用，针对“镁基材料的结构设计与制备过程强化”和“镁基材料的界面控制和产品性能强化”两类关键科学问题，1）在重大原始创新方面：提出了“反应/分离耦合”原创思想，破解了我国盐湖镁锂分离的世界性难题，实现了0-1的突破；针对我国重金属污染土壤超亿亩的严峻态势，提出了“超稳矿化”原创概念，揭示了超稳矿化作用的科学本质，解决了重金属离子的矿化位点和赋存状态等科学难题。提出了“金属雾”强化熔盐传递性能的新方法，揭示了金属/熔盐腐蚀层的动态演变规律，阐明了金属基体在熔盐中的腐蚀机理，提出了原位生长保护层的高温防腐技术。2）在技术转化落地方面：反应分离耦合技术取得了重要进展，在青海盐湖地区建成世界首套百吨级镁基多功能材料联产电池级碳酸锂中试示范线；北京化工大学4项专利技术经评估1199.04万元，与西部矿业集团联合成立了青海西部镁业新材料有限公司，共同建设1条2000吨/年的镁基插层结构功能材料生产线；利用盐湖镁资源建成万吨级土壤修复材料工业示范装置（北京化工大学与清华大学3项专利技术经评估1023万元，与西部矿业集团联合成立青海西矿镁基生态材料科技有限公司，共同建设1条2万吨/年的镁基超稳矿化材料生产线）；与青海联大化工科技有限公司合作，实现10万吨/年熔盐级硝酸盐生产；与青海爱能森新材料科技有限公司，实现10万吨/年多元熔盐生产；与青海中控太阳能技术有限公司合作，设计并建成国内首座1 MW光热发电熔盐工程化验证平台。3）受教育部委托牵头制定《盐湖化工大型科研设施平台建设方案》，向青海省科技厅提交《关于青海盐湖镁资源多元化发展的建议》，建议报告获得了信长星省长、王黎明副省长重要批示。4）项目执行期间，发表SCI论文76篇，申请和授权发明专利57项，参加国内外学术交流40余次，培养研究生100余名；制定1项国家标准、2项行业标准，完成2项成果鉴定。

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