微波场诱导亚麻木酚素大分子解聚效应及油相迁移机理研究

Microwave field pretreatment provides a new opportunity for the accumulation of lignan and the improvement of oxidation stability of flaxseed oil. The current studies mainly focus on the effect of microwave field treatment on the yield of flaxseed oil and the contents of lipid concomitants, such as polyphenols etc. However, the “decreasing polymerization and increasing activity” of lignan macromolecule and its migration mechanism into flaxseed oil are still not fully clarified. Therefore, our project is designed to explore the depolymerization of lignan macromolecule and the effect of depolymerization product migration on the oxidation kinetics of flaxseed oil in microwave field by using the microwave moist heat-induced lignan migration into flaxseed oil as the pointcuts, and with the aid of “knock out method” and the in vitro evaluation model establishment. On this basis, taking the microwave-mediated inhibition of lignan entrapment by heat-induced crosslinking and infiltration of flaxseed gum as the target point, this project explains the migration mechanism of lignan depolymerization products into flaxseed oil from a new perspective. This project possesses great significance for the high-value utilization of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich flaxseed oil, and the enrichment and improvment of the theoretical basis of lipid chemistry and nutrition.

微波场处理为富集亚麻木酚素和提高亚麻籽油氧化稳定性提供了新的契机。目前研究主要集中在微波场处理对亚麻籽油得率和多酚等脂质伴随物含量的影响上，但对亚麻籽中关键活性组分木酚素大分子的“解聚增效”及油相迁移机理仍鲜有涉及。基于此，本项目拟以微波场湿热调质诱导亚麻木酚素的油相迁移为切入点，借助“敲入敲出法”和体外评价体系建立，研究微波场中亚麻木酚素大分子的解聚效应及解聚产物的油相迁移对亚麻籽油氧化动力学的影响规律。在此基础上，以微波场抑制亚麻籽胶热诱导交联和溶渗对亚麻木酚素的包封效应为靶点，从全新的角度阐释亚麻木酚素解聚产物油相迁移机理。本项目的实施对富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸亚麻籽油的高值化利用，丰富和完善脂质化学与营养基础理论具有重要意义。

微波作为一种高频电磁波，因能够同步实现抗营养因子脱除、脂肪酶灭活、风味改善、营养释放等，已被作为一种新型亚麻籽介电加热方式。本项目通过控制亚麻籽水分调质过程中加水量和调质时间，以及微波处理时间，实现了亚麻籽油脂得率、热氧化稳定性和抗氧化活性的显著提升，并进一步聚焦油脂体（OBs）及其内核中性甘油三酯、外种皮骨细胞层、黏液细胞层原位结构形变，深度剖析亚麻籽典型多酚木酚素大分子、游离酚酸的增效解聚或转化，以及油相迁移的物质结构基础和调控机理，主要得到如下研究结论：①适宜渗透吸水量和调质时间（24h，25℃）是在不影响活性脂质α-亚麻酸萌动消减前提下，实现木酚素内源性合成富集的关键；②在该水分调质条件下，微波湿热处理亚麻籽5 min显著增加了亚麻籽油得率、酚类化合物油相迁移、以及油脂热氧化稳定性和抗氧化活性；③进一步研究显示，微波湿热处理诱导木酚素大分子及其解聚产物开环异落叶松树脂酚二葡萄糖苷（SDG）、特定游离酚酸的油相迁移，主要归因于酚类化合物主要存在位点—外种皮骨细胞层和OBs膜结构的多级形变；④同时，微波湿热处理实现了对外种皮黏液细胞的“刻蚀”效应，通过诱导了多糖链部分解聚，流变行为和黏弹特性、凝胶网络强度削弱，降低了全籽压榨过程中对脂质、木酚素和游离酚酸的包封效应。本研究项目的开展，不仅实现了亚麻籽油的提质制取，还将为亚麻籽全籽化加工利用、多场景应用和植物源n-3多不饱和脂肪酸的高效摄取提供了新思路，圆满完成了预期目标。

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