飞秒矢量光场与各向异性材料相互作用研究

Completely different from the scalar light field, the interaction of vectorial light field with matter results in a lot of novel optical effects and has received particularly attention due to their potential applications in optical tweezers, super-resolution optical microscopy, and nonlinear optics. Investigations of the anisotropic nonlinear optical effects of materials under the excitation of femtosecond vectorial light fields and manipulations of the state of polarization (SoP) of vectorial light fields with the aid of anisotropic media are proposed. In this project, we focus our attention to investigate the interaction of anisotropic media with femtosecond vectorial light fields. Firstly, the novel nonlinear optical effects of materials induced by femtosecond vectorial light fields will be studied. Secondly, the SoP distribution of vectorial light field manipulated by an anisotropic material will be analyzed in detail. And that all-optical nonlinear photonics devices based on the SoP control will be presented. By performing this project, the nonlinear polarization theory for the interaction of vectorial light field with anisotropic media will be established and developed. The propagation behaviours and the SoP evolutions of vectorial light fields through the anisotropic media will be revealed. Correspondingly, the novel nonlinear optical effects will be found. In addition, the rule and optimal avenue of manipulating SoP by the use of an anisotropic nonlinear optical material will be found. The light anisotropic scatterer, the polarization-control optical limiter, and the polarization-sensitive photodetector will be presented.

矢量光场与物质相互作用导致了众多不同于标量光场的新颖效应，在光镊、超分辨显微和非线性光学等方面得到了广泛应用。本项目提出运用飞秒矢量光场研究材料的各向异性非线性光学效应，利用各向异性材料实现对矢量光场的偏振态调控。围绕飞秒矢量光场与各向异性非线性光学材料相互作用，主要研究飞秒矢量光场激发各向异性材料导致的新颖非线性光学效应，分析各向异性材料对矢量光场的偏振态调控，发展基于偏振态控制的全光光子学器件。通过本项目的实施建立和发展矢量光场与各向异性材料相互作用的非线性极化理论；揭示飞秒矢量光场与各向异性非线性光学材料相互作用后光场的传输和偏振态演化规律，期待发现新颖的非线性光学效应；掌握各向异性非线性光学材料对矢量光场偏振态调控的规律和最佳途径，发展各向异性光散射器、偏振态控制的光限幅器和偏振灵敏的光探测器。

与标量光场相比，偏振态具有空间结构的矢量光场具有独特的焦场特性，在与材料相互作用过程中，激发了其独特的线性和非线性光学效应，在光学捕获、光限幅和非线性光学显微等方面表现出了广阔的应用前景。. 在本项目的资助下，课题组围绕飞秒矢量光场与各向异性非线性光学材料相互作用，主要开展了飞秒矢量光场激发下的各向异性非线性光学效应和各向异性非线性光学材料对矢量光场的偏振态调控及其应用研究，取得了如下阶段性科研成果：. （1）新型矢量光场的生成与物理特性。实验生成了椭圆偏振矢量光场，基于一对正交椭圆偏振基矢合成的任意矢量光场和幂指数角向变化矢量光场，并且研究了其相应的物理特性。. （2）矢量光场激发的各向同性和各向异性非线性光学效应。研究了杂化偏振矢量光场通过各向同性非线性光学介质后的自衍射和非线性偏振旋转效应；报道了径向偏振光激发各向同性和各向异性双光子吸收器的光限幅效应。. （3）各向异性线性和非线性光学材料对矢量光场的偏振态调控。研究了用各向异性克尔非线性效应调控径向偏振光的偏振和自旋角动量分布；报道了新颖的径向变化非线性偏振旋转效应；观察了单轴晶体中杂化偏振矢量光场的偏振旋转效应。. （4）矢量光场在光镊和Z-扫描表征技术等方面的应用研究。通过调控光场的偏振态分布，实现了诸如共振金属粒子、电介质瑞利粒子和非线性光学纳米粒子等的捕获和操控。发展了矢量光束Z-扫描技术分别表征各向同性非线性折射和饱和吸收效应。. 通过本项目的实施，揭示了飞秒矢量光场与各向异性非线性光学材料相互作用后光场的传输和偏振态演化规律，发现了径向变化非线性偏振旋转等新颖的非线性光学效应并阐明了其物理机理；掌握了各向异性线性和非线性光学材料对矢量光场偏振态调控的规律，探讨了其在光镊技术、偏振旋转、光限幅器和Z-扫描等方面的应用。

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