青藏高原特有珍稀药用植物尼泊尔黄堇的产地适宜性及品质形成机制研究

Corydalis hendersonii is an endemic alpine plant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and it is a rare and authentic product of the Tibetan Medicine AitseJin. Global climate change and excessive excavation have caused its endangerment. However, there is no report on its producing areas adaptability and quality formation mechanism. The previous study found that the functional traits of C. hendersonii had significant natural selection response patterns on soil nutrients and other environmental gradients, and they were differentiated into four evolutionary branching corresponding to heterogeneous ecological environment areas within the species, indicating that they have obvious suitability for producing areas. And quality difference. Therefore, this project is based on the theory that environmental stress drives the adaptive evolution and quality formation of medicinal plants, and uses RAD-seq technology to comprehensively scan the genetic differentiation of C. hendersonii genomes to test their habitat suitability and potential genetic basis; MassARRAY technology was used for large-sample validation of candidate target genes. According to the functional and quality traits and transcriptome information of C. hendersonii, the genes significantly related to the quality of the medicinal materials were scanned from the genome-wide range, and the association analysis with ecological and environmental factors was carried out to reveal the mechanism of its quality formation and provide theoretical support for its resource conservation and genetic breeding.

尼泊尔黄堇（Corydalis hendersonii）为青藏高原特有高寒植物，是珍稀大宗藏药材矮紫堇的正品。全球气候变化和过度采挖已致其濒危，但其产地适宜性和品质形成机制研究尚无报道。前期研究发现尼泊尔黄堇功能性状在土壤养分等环境梯度上具有显著的自然选择响应模式，并在种内分化成对应异质生态环境区域的4个进化支系，表明其具有明显的产地适宜性和品质差异。因此，本项目基于环境胁迫驱使药用植物适应性进化和品质形成的学说，利用简化基因组测序（RAD-seq）技术全面扫描尼泊尔黄堇基因组遗传分化，检测其产地适宜性和潜在遗传基础；采用核酸质谱（MassARRAY）技术对候选目标基因进行大样本验证，并根据尼泊尔黄堇功能和质量性状及转录组信息，从全基因组范围扫描与药材品质性状显著相关基因，结合生态环境因子进行关联分析，揭示其品质形成机制，为其资源保护和遗传育种提供理论支撑。

尼泊尔黄堇（Corydalis hendersonii）为青藏高原特有高寒植物，是珍稀大宗藏药材矮紫堇的正品。全球气候变化和过度采挖已致其濒危，但其产地适宜性、遗传背景和品质形成机制等研究尚无报道。本项目基于环境胁迫驱使药用植物适应性进化和品质形成假说，采用生态化学计量学、植物生态学、分子生态学和药物化学等多学科交叉融合理论及方法，系统研究了青藏高原特有高寒藏药材尼泊尔黄堇的传统用药背景、生理生态适应性、分子谱系地理、适应性进化、高质量全基因组图谱构建和基于多组学联合分析的品质形成机制等研究。阐明了尼泊尔黄堇在藏药中的名称基原、性味功能、用药规律等传统用药背景；揭示了尼泊尔黄堇适应寒旱和贫瘠等高原极端环境的生态对策；解析了尼泊尔黄堇的分子谱系地理结构和基因型特征；绘制了染色水平的高质量遗传图谱；筛选出了一批同尼泊尔黄堇抗逆、高产和优质相关的重要基因和代谢通路。为尼泊尔黄堇野生抚育、生态种植、良种选育和药材品质相关重要遗传资源发掘等方面提供中了重要数据。在三江源生态保护、青藏高原特有藏药材资源开发利用和藏医药产业可持续发展等方面具有重要意义。

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