定位人类睡眠结构的脑功能系统：基于多导睡眠图和静息态功能磁共振的研究

Sleep is one of the basic physiological states of human beings. Reasonable sleep structure, e.g., appropriate deep sleep and proper sleep length, is the foundation of healthy sleep. Sleep structure disturbances are the common clinical characteristics of sleep-wake disorders, and possibly be one of the first signs of neurological/psychiatric diseases. However, studies on neuroimaging basis of sleep structure are still lacking. The proposed project plans to combine polysomnography, which is used for sleep recording at night, with sleep diary, to determine subjective and objective sleep structure parameters and sleep perception, while functional MRI scannings both before and after polysomnography sleep recording for measuring brain functional activities. We will investigate the metabolism basis and locate the key brain regions corresponding to sleep structure and sleep perception based on characteristics of regional activities including cerebral blood flow metabolism and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations, and further find the brain networks related to sleep structure based on functional connectivity. We are aiming at locating key brain functional systems related to sleep structure and search for associated brain networks related to altered sleep structure with insomnia as a disease model. This project will help to precisely locate those crucial brain regions determining individual variability in sleep structure and sleep structure disturbances, and contribute to enhancing the quality of sleep among healthy populations (e.g., reasonably increase the time and proportion of deep sleep), preventing and treating sleep structure disturbances.

睡眠是人类最基本的生理状态，合理的睡眠结构（如恰当的深睡眠和适度的睡眠长度等）是健康睡眠的基础。睡眠结构异常是睡眠-觉醒障碍的普遍临床特点，也是某些神经精神疾病的先兆。但是，睡眠结构的脑功能影像学基础研究尚缺乏。本项目拟采用多导睡眠仪监测整晚睡眠过程并联合睡眠日记来确定主、客观睡眠结构和睡眠知觉，睡前和醒后均进行功能磁共振扫描来测量脑功能活动特性。我们首先基于脑局部活动特征（脑血流代谢和低频波动振幅）研究主、客观睡眠结构和睡眠知觉的脑血流代谢机制，定位相关的关键脑功能区，继而应用功能连接探索与睡眠结构关联的脑网络。我们旨在定位睡眠结构的关键脑功能系统，探索失眠障碍患者睡眠结构异常的关联脑网络。本项目的实施将有助于精准定位睡眠结构的个体差异及其异常的关键脑功能系统，将对提高健康人群的睡眠质量（比如合理提高深睡眠时间和比例）、预防和治疗异常的睡眠结构具有重要的指导意义。

良好的睡眠是生命健康的基础，睡眠异常已经成为目前严峻的社会问题。睡眠结构存在很大的个体差异，厘清睡眠结构相关的关键脑功能系统可以为睡眠的调控和干预提供刺激靶点。我们使用多导睡眠监测技术客观地记录了受试者的整晚睡眠过程，并联合主观的睡眠日记，从而确定了受试者的主、客观睡眠结构和睡眠知觉；采集了功能磁共振成像数据，进而定位了睡眠结构的关键脑功能网络；并应用于失眠障碍患者，明确了失眠障碍患者异常的丘脑功能连接与其睡眠知觉异常显著相关。.我们首先定量分析了主、客观睡眠参数和睡眠知觉，并基于睡前和醒后的功能磁共振数据，将脑功能网络与主客观睡眠进行了关联分析：明确了12个具有重要神经生理意义的脑功能网络与主观报告的梦境回忆频率和客观监测的快眼动睡眠时间的关联，发现了主客观睡眠关联的脑功能网络空间和时间分离的特性。此外，我们扩展研究了睡眠梦境回忆频率的脑结构基础。.我们还揭示了失眠障碍患者睡眠知觉异常的关键脑功能系统：基于多导睡眠整夜监测和睡眠日记，揭示了失眠障碍患者睡眠知觉等的异常；研究了失眠障碍患者静息态和睡眠各阶段的功能连接异常模式，发现了丘脑与颞上回的功能连接是失眠障碍睡眠知觉异常的脑功能基础，丘脑与杏仁核等皮层下脑区的功能连接减低是失眠障碍的关键脑功能特点。.在完成原定计划的基础上，我们还明确了睡眠过程中觉醒的脑功能激活模式，研究了基于氧摄取率动态变化的脑功能活动特点和重测信度，为睡眠结构的脑功能研究提供新的技术支撑。.因此，本项目精准定位了睡眠结构的个体差异及其异常的关键脑功能系统，对提高健康人群的睡眠知觉和睡眠质量、调整睡眠障碍患者异常的睡眠结构具有重要的指导意义。在项目实施过程中，基于本项目的研究成果共发表SCI论文12篇，其中睡眠影像研究领域顶级期刊的8篇（3篇Neuroimage，1篇Sleep，3篇Human Brain Mapping和1篇Neuroscience Bulletin）。.

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