基于石墨烯场效应晶体管的超灵敏X射线探测方法研究

X-ray pulsar-based navigation is a promising way to long time and high precision autonomous navigation for spacecraft. It requires the X-ray detector with high energy resolution, high time resolution, large area, light weight, small volume, the certain ability of imaging, without cryogenic cooling and other characteristics, but at present there is no single detector can meet these requirements. This project proposed a new method for X-ray detection by using field effect of graphene. The main contributions of this project are as follows: 1) Theoretical calculations and experimental validation studies on the field effect of single-crystal graphite, providing a solid physical foundation for further study. 2) Monte Carlo simulation of the detector response characteristics and performance optimization studies, to help the design of detector structure and operating parameters, thus optimizing performance of the detector. 3) Experimental study on performance of the X-ray detector based on graphene field effect transistors, verifying the feasibility and excellence of this new detecting method. The new detector of this project, not only can realize the detection of the X-ray, but also can detect neutrons and charged particles; not only can be used for the pulsar navigation, but also applicable to all applications of conventional X-ray detector.

X射线脉冲星导航是实现航天器长时间高精度自主导航的可行途径。它要求X射线探测器具有高能量分辨率、高时间分辨率、大面积、重量轻、体积小、具备一定的成像能力以及不需低温制冷等特点，但目前尚无单一的探测器能同时满足这些要求。本课题提出了一种利用石墨烯电场效应来进行X射线探测的新方法。主要研究内容包括：1）单晶石墨烯电场效应理论计算与实验验证研究，为探测器的后续研究提供坚实的物理基础；2）探测器响应特性蒙卡模拟及性能优化研究，有助于探测器结构和工作参数的设计，优化探测器性能指标；3）石墨烯场效应晶体管X射线探测器性能指标实验研究，验证所提出新探测方法的可行性和先进性。课题所研究的新型探测器，不仅可以实现对X射线的探测，还能探测中子以及带电粒子；不仅可用于脉冲星导航，还适用于传统X射线探测器的所有应用领域。

X射线脉冲星导航是实现航天器长时间高精度自主导航的可行途径，是当前国际航天前沿技术领域的研究热点。脉冲星导航探测器要求具有高能量分辨率和高时间分辨率等特性。为满足脉冲星导航的要求，研究了基于石墨烯电场效应的X射线探测方法。探测器利用了石墨烯的电场效应。实验获得了石墨烯的电场效应曲线，为石墨烯探测器的研制奠定了物理基础。分析了石墨烯探测器结构参数和工作参数对探测器性能的影响，并实现了探测器性能优化设计。研制了探测器原型样机，并获得了探测器的光照响应特性，了解了石墨烯探测器用于可见光以及X射线探测的可行性及未来发展潜力。作为一种新型的探测器，本项目所研究的石墨烯探测器，具有其自身的独特优势，未来有望在医学成像、工业CT、安全检查以及空间天文等领域得到应用。

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