可逆/不可逆变色甲虫构色机制及可变色复合材料仿生耦合机理

The project intends to meet the application prospect of iridescent effect using in the display, decoration and security fields by its advantages of iridescent color structure that non-fading, durable and high color saturation, so reversible and irreversible color-changing beetles are set as research object. Compared beetles’ life habit and living environment, the relationships with their color features and behaviors of color change are explored. Micro computed tomography (Micro-CT) technology, nanoindentation mechanism, etc. analysis method are used to investigate the relationships between their color mechanism and coupling elements (nanomechanical properties, microstructure and composition of reversible and irreversible discoloration beetles) during process of color changing. Combined with the living environment and potential predators’ visual system, structural optical theory and methods are used to find the colorization mechanism. To establish the biomimetic coupling mechanism of the color-tunable composite material, which will provide theoretical foundation for the design of the biomimetic color-tunable composite material. Using 3D printing technology to test the design of biomimetic color-tunable composite materials and to explore the methods of realization. The key technology of biomimetic design and fabrication of color-tunable composite materials are proposed, systematic biomimetic design theory and methods of color-changing composite are be provided, and which will be significance to the further development of the theory and technology of smart materials.

本项目针对甲虫虹彩效应具有的不褪色、耐久和色彩饱和度高等优点及其在显示、装饰、防伪等领域的应用前景，以可逆/不可逆变色甲虫为研究对象，探讨其生活习性和生存环境与其体色特征、变色行为的关系；运用Micro-CT技术、纳米力学理论等方法，研究变色过程中可逆/不可逆变色甲虫的纳米力学性能、微观结构、组成成分等生物耦元与其构色关联性；以结构光学理论和方法为手段，结合其生存环境光学特性和潜在掠食者视觉系统，集成这些生物耦元建立光学结构计算模型进行光学模拟分析，揭示可逆/不可逆变色甲虫的构色机制，建立可变色复合材料仿生耦合机理，为仿生可变色复合材料的设计奠定理论基础；利用3D打印技术进行仿生可变色复合材料设计的试验验证并探索实现手段，提出可变色复合材料仿生设计和制备的关键工艺技术，形成系统的可变色复合材料仿生设计理论和技术方法，对进一步发展智能材料理论与技术具有重要意义。

变色材料作为一种智能材料，因其在警示、伪装、防伪、装饰等方面的功能已被应用于工业、纺织、印刷、建筑、航空航天、军事等领域，具有广泛的应用前景。甲虫鞘翅不仅具有轻质高强特性且可结构变色，这为设计结构变色材料提供了仿生灵感。本项目以多角度变色甲虫豆蓝丽金龟（Popillia indgigonacea Motsch）、不可逆变色甲虫紫茎甲（Sagra femorata purpurea Lichtenstein）和可逆变色甲虫美东白兜（Dynastes tityus）为研究对象，探索其内部结构特性和力学性能及其与光学性能的关系，揭示了其构色机制，利用耦合仿生理论和光学理论开展了具有轻质高强特性的结构变色材料的设计和研究，采用旋涂-自流平方法进行了仿生湿度致变色材料的制备和探索工作，对进一步发展智能材料理论与技术具有重要意义。已公开发表14篇学术论文，其中SCI收录12篇，EI收录2篇。已申请国家发明专利2件，获得授权国家发明专利2件、实用新型专利6件。培养博士、硕士生6名。

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