延缓背有大负载行走时下肢肌肉疲劳的智能弹性背包研究

When there is a heavy backpack on the back of the body, the muscles of the lower limb need extra power to do work, then the muscles are more prone to fatigue and cannot continue to help human to walk. In order to help human to walk longer with heavy load, a new idea about the elastic backpack system is provided which is different from the exoskeleton assistance. Because the resilience damping system of elastic backpack can improve the strength of backpack to the human body, the demand force from the weakness of the lower limb is reduced. In this project, analytical methods about searching weak force point of lower limb by detecting muscle fatigue characteristics based on biomechanics and physiology signal of human body will be proposed. According to lower limb fatigue model, one intelligent autonomous variable stiffness/damping elastic backpack will be developed, which can be adaptive to backpack load and human gait, so the system can work in the optimal state. Deep-seated mechanism and effect related to human body about elastic backpack will be elaborated by analyzing experimental data of human physiology and biomechanics. The research results can be applied to military troops and hiking mountaineering with large load on the back, and will have important social significance and broad application prospects.

人体背有大负载行走时，下肢肌肉需要额外发力做功，肌肉更易于疲劳而不能继续行走。为延长背有大负载步行的时间或距离，弹性背包系统提供了一条不同于外骨骼助力的新思路，即通过弹性背包的弹簧质量阻尼系统改善背包对人体的作用力，减小对下肢薄弱点发力需求。本项目将基于人体负重行走时的运动生物力学及生理学信号数据，提出肌肉疲劳特征检测与分析的人体下肢发力的薄弱点分析方法；研究以下肢疲劳模型为控制依据的智能自主控制调节的变刚度/变阻尼的弹性背包，其对背包内负载质量及人体步态具有自适应性，使系统始终工作在最优减缓疲劳的状态；实验分析弹性背包对人体生物力学及生理学影响，揭示与人本体相关的深层次作用机理及影响。本项目的研究成果有望应用于具有背有大负载需求的军事行军及徒步登山等，具有重要的社会意义和应用前景。

人体背有大负载行走时，下肢肌肉需要额外发力做功，肌肉更易于疲劳而不能继续行走。为延长背有负载步行的时间或距离，弹性背包系统提供了一条不同于外骨骼助力的新思路，即通过弹性背包的弹簧质量阻尼系统改善背包对人体的作用力，减小对下肢薄弱点发力需求。项目围绕以下5方面进行实施：1)人体行走建模与薄弱点分析、2)智能弹性背包系统建模与设计；3)基于地面反力优化的控制规律研究；4)基于人腿部机械功优化的控制规律研究；5)弹性背包与固定背包的生物力学对比分析。通过上述内容的实施，检验了项目提出的方法的可行性与有效性，实现了本项目研究计划书中提出的预期研究目标。在本本项目的研究成果有望应用于具有背有负载需求的军事行军及徒步登山等，具有重要的社会意义和应用前景。

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