渗透生物电化学体系中质子传输通道构建及除污染机制研究

The nutrients, energy and water molecular recovery from the wastewater can be accomplished simultaneously in Osmotic Bioelectrochemical System (OsBES). However, the acid-base imbalance caused by inefficiency of proton transmission between cathode and anode in OsBES affects the operating efficiency of OsBES seriously. In regard to this key scientific issue, sulfonic acid radical groups with the function of proton exchange will be introduced in the support layer and active layer of the composite forward osmosis (FO) membrane by phase inversion-interfacial polymerization technology. The proton adsorption sites and carriers will be increased and the proton transport channels constructed by the above method. Due to the reduced resistance of proton transport, the fast transmission of proton from anode to cathode will be realized. On this basis, the factors affecting proton transport rate will be optimized. The transport rate equation of proton from the proton exchange composite FO membrane will be established. The inherent law will be revealed between proton transport rate and the degradation efficiency of pollutants and water yield in organic wastewater. The mechanism of pollution removal in OsBES will be clarified. The implementation of this project could improve the operating efficiency and realize the running of OsBES in the condition of no buffer solution. Furthermore, it could provide new theoretical basis and technical support for process design and operation optimization in the field of wastewater treatment.

渗透生物电化学系统（OsBES）可同时实现废水中营养物、能量、水分子回收的功能。然而，由质子传输效率低下引起的阴阳两极酸碱失衡，严重影响了OsBES的运行效能。针对这一关键科学问题，本项目拟采用相转化-界面聚合技术，在复合正渗透（FO）膜支撑层及活性层引入具有质子交换功能的磺酸根基团，增加质子吸附位点及载体，构建连续宽敞的质子传输通道，减小质子传输阻力，实现质子从阳极到阴极的快速传递。在此基础上，优化影响质子传输速率的因素，建立质子交换复合FO膜内的质子传输速率方程，揭示质子传输速率与污染物降解效率及产水量之间的相互关系，阐明OsBES的除污染机制。本项目的实施可以提升OsBES的运行效能，实现OsBES无缓冲液条件运行，为废水处理领域的工艺设计及优化运行提供新的理论依据及技术支持。

渗透微生物燃料电池（OsMFC）将正渗透（FO）与微生物燃料电池（MFC）有机融合在一起，这一协同系统集成了二者的优势，它在降解有机污染物的同时，可实现高品质水回收以及生物电能产生。然而，由于质子从阳极到阴极缓慢的传输导致阳极酸化阴极碱化，这严重影响了OsMFC的性能。FO膜降OsMFC阴阳两极室分隔，对质子传输起着重要作用。但是传统FO膜只具有渗透功能，对质子没有特异选择性。.目前主流的FO膜由支撑层与脱盐层复合而成，本项目采取分层优化的方法分别在支撑层及脱盐层引入质子传导位点。一方面，通过在FO膜支撑层引入磺化聚芳醚砜（SPAES）从而导入质子传导位点。研究结果表明，当SPAES在铸膜液中含量为50%，所制备的FO-4膜应用于OsMFC时，运行一个周期后汲取干净水体积为430.35 mL，COD去除率为86.37%，最大功率密度达到7.08 ± 0.42 W·m-3。.另一方面，在聚酰胺脱盐层引入了高质子传导载体磺酸基。由三种不同的水相单体（邻（间、对））-二氨基苯磺酸与油相单体，在支撑层表面经界面聚合反应成功将磺酸基引入脱盐层，从而制备出具有质子特异性识别功能的FO膜。研究发现，FO-1膜应用于OsMFC运行一个周期后汲取干净水体积为340.02 mL，最大功率密度达到6.30±0.32 W·m-3，COD去除率为88.46%。相比于传统方法通过在阴极液添加酸缓解不断上升的pH，本项目独辟蹊径，采用物理方法即通过在FO膜引入质子传导载体实现了质子从阳极到阴极的快速传递。这种原位调控pH的自缓冲方法，为将来OsMFC在实际废水的规模化应用开辟了一条新的途径。

内容获取失败，请点击重试