区域一体化视角下港航服务业空间演变的过程、机理及效应——以长三角地区为例

With the process of global port transformation, the port and shipping service industry have emerged and developed into a key factor affecting the spatial reconstruction of the port system and the ability of the port to allocate global shipping resources. The research on the development and spatial evolution of port and shipping service industry becomes one of the most active frontiers areas in currently port geography, which is also in line with the needs of China’s regional integration strategy. However, up to now, the systematic research on the port and shipping service industry is still relatively weak, and the research results on the spatial evolution of port and shipping service industry at the regional level are rarely reported. This project attempts to study the spatial evolution of port and shipping services industry from the perspective of regional integration, using enterprise data and taking the Yangtze River Delta as a typical case. Firstly, this project takes the lead in comprehensively describing the basic process and pattern of the spatial evolution of the port and shipping service industry, from the dimensions of spatial pattern, network organization, and functional structure. Secondly, it attempts to reveal the key driving factors and basic dynamic mechanisms of the spatial evolution of port and shipping service industry. Thirdly, the impact of the spatial evolution of the port and shipping service industry on regional development will be assessed in this project. Finally, this project tries to puts forward the optimum control scheme and policy suggestions for the spatial organization of the port and shipping services industry in the Yangtze River Delta. The research results will expand the research perspective of the spatial evolution of port and shipping service industry, and provide Chinese cases for the theoretical and methodological innovation of port geography. At the same time, it provides a scientific basis for the implementation of the Yangtze River Delta higher quality integrated development strategy and the formulation of differentiated policies and measures by governments at all levels.

伴随全球港口转型进程，港航服务业兴起并成为影响港口体系空间重构和全球航运资源配置能力的关键要素。港航服务业发展与空间演变研究是当前国际港口地理学最活跃的前沿领域之一，也与中国区域一体化战略需求相契合。但迄今学界对港航服务业的系统研究仍较为薄弱，区域层面的港航服务业空间演变研究成果鲜见于报道。本项目从区域一体化视角切入，以长三角地区为典型案例，利用港航服务企业数据，率先从空间格局、网络组织和功能结构三个维度综合刻画港航服务业空间演变的基本过程与模式，甄别与阐明港航服务业空间演变的关键驱动因子和基本动力机制，评估港航服务业空间演变对区域发展的影响效应，进而提出港航服务业协同发展的优化路径和政策建议。研究结果将拓展港航服务业空间演变的研究视角，为港口地理学的理论与方法创新提供中国案例，为落实长三角更高质量一体化发展战略和各级政府制定差异化政策措施提供科学依据。

港航服务业发展与空间演变是港口、产业和城市长期交互作用的结果，是可以从全球、国家、区域和城市等不同尺度上观察到的空间经济新现象，已成为当前港口地理学的热点问题。本项目以长三角地区为典型案例，结合企业微观数据和价值链理论，重点对港航服务业空间演变的过程与模式、关键影响因素及其作用机理进行探究、并根据研究发现尝试提出相关优化路径与政策建议。研究成果主要有：（1）2005-2019年间长三角地区港航服务业整体呈快速增长态势，传统服务类、代理服务类和高级衍生类港航服务企业数量年均增速分别达15.43%、13.21%和12.39%。（2）港航服务业具有显著地空间集聚特征，且高级衍生类港航服务业的空间集聚趋势要明显强于代理服务类和传统服务类港航服务业。同时，港航服务业空间分布与港口城市规模等级紧密相关，枢纽港口和大型港口所在城市是港航服务业尤其是高级衍生类港航服务业的主要集聚地。（3）长三角地区港航服务业空间重构趋势显现，其空间非均衡程度有所缓解，非港口城市和小港口城市逐渐成为代理服务类和传统服务类港航服务业向腹地分散和再集聚的重要区位。（4）长三角地区港航服务业发展与空间格局演化主要受到腹地物流中心发展、区域综合交通网络提升、信息通讯技术的创新与应用、产业集聚效应的发挥、地方政府间的竞争与合作等力量的耦合影响。（5）长三角地区港航服务业正处于快速发展和空间结构加速调整时期，需积极促进中高端港航服务要素集聚，推动港航服务业集群深度嵌入全球港航服务供应链并沿价值链向上攀升。此外，需积极推进上海国际航运中心港航服务业转型升级，促进长三角地区港航服务业协同与错位发展。通过本项目研究，积累了长三角地区港航服务企业数据、港口生产数据、社会经济数据和地理空间属性数据，深化了对港航服务业发展与空间组织内在规律的科学认识，为港口地理学理论与方法创新提供了实证素材，也为长三角地区和国内外其他类似区域的港航服务业空间布局优化与差异化政策制定提供科学依据。

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