紫花苜蓿耐盐碱基因挖掘与种质创制

Saline-alkali soil accounts for nearly seventy percent of Yellow River Delta，which has a land area of 6010km2. The wide spread of saline-alkali has seriously restricted crop production in this region. Alfalfa is a perennial forage crop well known for its excellent forage quality, wide adaptation, nitrogen fixation capability and the potential for soil improvement. As a result, alfalfa has become a top crop for saline-alkali land improvement in Yellow River Delta with an area of 260 km2. However, there is a lack of saline-alkali-tolerant alfalfa cultivars. Three areas of research will be conducted: 1) mining of potential saline-alkali-tolerant genes by transcript analysis and genome wide association study (GWAS); 2) functional confirmation of the potential tolerant genes by analyzing Medicago truncatula Tnt1 mutants, CRSIPR/Cas9 gene knockout and transgenic expression; 3) utilization of TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) technology to create saline-alkali-tolerance alfalfa germplasm suitable for Yellow River Delta. Based on functional analyses of genes and gene networks, and the use of TILLING technology, this study focuses on solving the bottleneck problem on the effective utilization of molecular information for new germplasm development. This strategy will be helpful for developing saline-alkali-tolerant materials in other species.

黄河三角洲面积6010km2，近七成为盐碱地，严重制约了该区域经济发展。紫花苜蓿由于品质优良、适应性强、具生物固氮功能并可改良土壤等优点，已经被引入黄河三角洲用作盐碱地改良和牧草生产，目前留床面积260km2。但面临的问题是缺少适宜该区域的苜蓿耐盐碱品种。本项目拟开展以下三方面研究：1）借助组学分析和全基因组关联分析，全面挖掘苜蓿中与耐盐碱相关的基因；2）利用截形苜蓿突变体、CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑和转基因技术研究并确认相关基因的功能；3）利用TILLING技术获得非转基因的耐盐碱苜蓿新种质，从而创制适合黄河三角洲盐碱地的苜蓿新品系。总体而言,本研究拟在深入挖掘苜蓿耐盐碱基因的基础上，解析其分子调控网络，并结合常规诱变育种和TILLING技术，解决从苜蓿基因挖掘到有效创制新种质的科学技术瓶颈问题，为我国经济作物的耐盐碱分子育种和盐碱地改良提供科技支撑。

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