一般化的古诺-伯川德论争研究

Cournot-Bertrand Debate is a classical economic issue and an important event in the history of economic thought. The generalized debate refers to the question with which form of one-shot-game competition oligopoly firms compete..The answer to this question plays a fundamental role in theoretical research in industrial organization, international economics and other areas and has profound implication for competition policy design. It is necessary to classify competition forms in order to solve this question. There are two lines of division in the existing literature: one with basic competition forms (BCF) and the other with non-basic competition forms (non-BCF). Each firm has the inherent ability to decide its own price and output in a BCF and the number of BCFs is finite. In contrast, at least one firm is restricted in its decision on its own price or output in any non-BCF and this restrictiveness leads to infinite number of non-BCFs, which are almost impossible to be classified. Furthermore, non-BCF may imply some unreasonable assumptions and may even result in a paradox-like problem. Therefore, this research will focus on BCFs. We will encode all the BCFs and design a game-theoretical framework in which the choice of BCF is not predetermined but endogenous. In the context of homogeneous products, we will check whether the designed framework is effective and will solve the equibria of various BCFs, estimate and compare the profits of duopoly firms in the equilibria, and solve the equilibria of some sub-frameworks under the conditions of decreasing marginal total revenue and increasing marginal costs.

古诺-伯川德论争是一个经典的经济学议题和经济学史上一次重要事件。该论争的一般化是指寡头厂商究竟以何种一次性博弈竞争方式进行竞争。该问题的答案在产业组织、国际经济学等领域的理论和政策研究中有基础性应用价值。解决该问题必需对竞争方式分类。已有研究将竞争方式分为两大类：基本竞争方式和非基本竞争方式。前者意味着在每个厂商有权决定自己的价格和产量，其种类有限；后者意味着有厂商定价或产量决策受到限制，其种类无限，几乎不可能分类，且可能引入不合理假设、乃至悖论。因此可行研究的议题是双头究竟以何种基本竞争方式进行竞争。本项目将对基本竞争方式进行编码；设计一个博弈框架，它能比较各种基本竞争方式，且其均衡能展现双头采用的竞争方式。我们还将在双头生产同质产品的背景下，检验博弈框架的有效性，在宽泛的需求和成本约束下求解各种基本竞争方式的均衡，估计均衡处双头利润，比较其大小，求解该框架的一些有价值子框架的子博弈精炼纳什均衡。

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