POSS-氟丙烯酸酯-聚硅氧烷共聚物微结构调控及低温防冰性能

Icing phenomena often appear on equipments of power transmission, ships and aircrafts at low temperatures and high humidity. Sometimes, ice adhesion and accumulation on solid surfaces can cause troubles or damages. Generally, de-icing by mechanically removing, heating or spraying chemicals can cause energy consumptions or environment pollutions. Therefore, anti-icing by inherent properties of the coating on substances is of great importance. In this project, we propose a novel method to prepare anti-icing coating based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-fluoroalkyl acrylate-polysiloxane copolymers, and explore the relationships between the surface structure and properties of the copolymer coatings for anti-icing..It has been proved that icephobic or superhydrophobic coatings containing fluorine and silicone with low surface energy can be used for anti-icing by shortening the attaching time of water drops on the substrate and reducing the ice adhesion strength. However, improvement in durability of the icephobic and superhydrophobic coatings is still required, and the relationship between the surface structure, properties and icing process as well as the subsequent ice building up on the coating surface is not clearly understood. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out scientific researches in this topic so as to develop anti-icing coatings with excellent properties..By means of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), one of controlled/living radical polymerization methods, well-defined graft poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) copolymers can be prepared from macromonomers, while macroinitiators or macro-chain transfer agents provide a suitable way to synthesize block copolymers. In the present project, a series of tailored POSS-fluoroalkyl (meth)acrylate-polysiloxane block and graft copolymers will be synthesized with the aid of macromonomers or macroinitiators via RAFT process. Coatings with stably regular patterns and superhydrophobicity will be constructed based on microphase separation of the copolymers, which is generated by self-assembly of soft and hard segments in certain solvents and synergistic effect between fluorine and silicone segments. Functional monomers including methacrylate PDMS, methacrylate POSS, fluoroalkyl (meth)acylates, etc. will be specifically used for syntheses, and macroinitiators (PDMS macro-azo-initiators) and macro-RAFT agents (eg. trithiocarbonate terminated PDMS) will be employed to modulate the length, amount and spacing distribution of the PDMS segment in the block and graft copolymers. The molecular weight and glass transition temperature of the copolymers will also be controlled. Tunable strategies in the copolymer microstructure as well as the effect of surface topography and properties on ice formation and accretion at low temperatures (-20℃~0℃) will be focused. Finally, it is expected to provide a novel concept in the fundamental relationships between the copolymer surface and icing.

结冰会给人类和社会带来危害，加热防冰等方式耗能大，因此研究低温防结冰材料非常重要。含氟/硅的疏冰和超疏水涂层是当前研究热点，但其长效性和稳定性还存在问题，而涂层表面与结冰之间的关系目前尚未完全明了。本项目拟以POSS-氟丙烯酸酯-聚硅氧烷的嵌段和接枝共聚物为研究对象，通过软硬链段自组装和氟硅链段协同作用构建有序化稳定结构的超疏水涂层。以RAFT聚合原理，由功能单体(PDMS-MA、POSS-MA、FMA)、大分子引发剂(PDMS-azo)及链转移剂(PDMS-TTC等)，设计合成一系列不同组成、不同侧链和主链结构的POSS-氟(甲基)丙烯酸酯-聚硅氧烷共聚物，研究所合成的共聚物分子量、聚硅氧烷链段长度、数量及空间分布和POSS及氟含量对共聚物微相分离结构的调控机制，并研究由此形成的涂层表面性能和拓扑结构在低温(-20℃至0℃)下与冰的粘附及积累的关系，开拓防结冰材料研究的新思路和新方法。