陕北风沙区采煤扰动下降雨入渗-潜水位双向响应机理研究

As coal mining exerts a complicated influence on water cycle with interacted factors and frequent mutual feedback responses, the two-way response linkage process of rainfall infiltration-underground water under coal mining disturbance requires further exploration. Based on the variations of underground water replenished by rainfall infiltration under coal mining disturbance, the study takes sandy regions of northern Shaanxi province as a typical case, conducts multiple-factor observations and analyses space-time distribution characteristics and variation rules of each response factor. Through identifying the key response feedback factors in the infiltration process, the thesis attempts to probe into the two-way response relations of rainfall infiltration-underground water, constructs a hydrodynamic coupling model reflecting the two-way response relations of key factors driven by coal mining and describes the two-way response feedback process and impacts of rainfall infiltration-underground water under coal mining disturbance in sandy regions of northern Shaanxi. Correlating the intertwined micro-process of rainfall infiltration and underground water under coal mining disturbance, the study adopts integrated monitoring of multiple-factors and two-way cross-coupling technology driven by coal mining, reveals the two-way response mechanism of rainfall infiltration and underground water under coal mining disturbance, endeavors to develop a sound theoretical system and provides scientific basis for water resources utilization and ecological environment improvement in mining areas.

采煤对水循环影响的作用过程机理复杂，水循环要素交织影响，相互反馈响应频繁，采煤扰动下降雨入渗-潜水位双向联动响应过程有待进一步探索。研究针对采煤扰动下降雨入渗补给潜水变异过程，以陕北风沙区为典型开展多因子观测，分析各响应因子时空分布特征和变异规律；识别入渗过程的关键响应反馈因子，探明降雨入渗-潜水位双向响应关系；构建体现采煤驱动下关键因子双向响应关系的水动力场耦合模型，刻画陕北风沙区采煤扰动下降雨入渗-潜水位双向响应反馈过程及其带来的影响。研究将采煤扰动下降雨入渗和潜水位交织响应的微观过程相联系，通过多因子一体化监测、采煤驱动下双向交互集成耦合技术的方法，揭示采煤扰动下降雨入渗和潜水位双向响应机理，形成完善的理论体系，为矿区水资源利用和生态环境整治等提供科学依据。

采煤对水循环影响的作用过程机理复杂，水循环要素交织影响，相互反馈响应频繁，采煤扰动下降雨入渗-潜水位双向联动响应过程有待进一步探索。本研究对采煤扰动下关键特征因子进行了观测，开展了采煤扰动下降雨入渗及潜水位变化机理研究，研究表明采煤形成的导水裂隙带发育驱动潜水位下降，原处于饱和带的含水层变为非饱和带，包气带厚度进而增加，潜水含水层有效接受降雨入渗补给量随地下水埋深变化，埋深越大，矿区降水入渗形成潜水含水层有效补给量越小；通过构建体现采煤扰动下降雨入渗-潜水位双向响应特点的水动力场耦合模型，模拟了陕北风沙区采煤扰动下降雨入渗至地下潜水的微观过程，结果表明采煤扰动导致潜水位下降的同时造成降雨入渗过程改变，在降雨入渗至潜水位的过程中，包气带起到了重要的“纽带”作用，当采煤导致潜水位产生大幅下降时，降水可被包气带大量损耗，进而造成降雨入渗补给潜水量减少，加剧采空区潜水位下降。研究将采煤扰动下降雨入渗和潜水位交织响应的微观过程相联系，通过多因子一体化监测、采煤驱动下双向交互集成耦合模拟技术的方法，揭示采煤扰动下降雨入渗和潜水位双向响应机理，形成完善的理论体系，为矿区水资源利用和生态环境整治等提供科学依据。

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