恐惧习得与消退的性别差异及其认知神经机制

The exploration is to the study on the affect of stimulating properties and the forecast level to the formation of fear, to study on both of the effects of fear acquisition or if it is the independent impact, how to separate them and what are the neural basis on the separation mechanism to depend? To derive the key mechanism of fear acquisition. The same time explore combination of environment and training strength to effective way promote fear fade.On the other hand, using event related technology ( event-related potentials, ERP ) and function magnetic resonance imaging ( function magnetic resonance imaging, FMRI )to study on the cognitive neural Mechanism of gender differences from the overall, the establishment of the human brain function framework about fear acquisition and fade as the construction of Human Gene Group.This will help uncover the mystery hidden behind fear disorder and other anxiety disorders, deepen the understanding of traumatic stress disorder, and will be greatly enriched for early assessment and intervention theory of conditioned fear, and the study will be based on the retreat mechanism to provide guidance on the clinical application of behavioral therapy.

本研究通过刺激性质与预测水平对恐惧形成的影响研究，以探寻刺激性质与预测水平对恐惧形成的影响是存在交互作用还是独立作用，如果是独立作用，如何对二者进行分离以及分离机制所依赖的神经基础，从而得出恐惧习得的核心机制；同时探索优化组合不同环境与训练强度以有效的方式促进恐惧消退；另一方面采用事件相关技术（event-related potentials, ERP）和功能磁共振成像（function magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI）等技术手段从整体上探索性别差异的认知神经机制，以此来建构像人类基因组一样，建立一个有关恐惧习得及其消退的人脑功能框架。这将有助于揭开隐藏在恐惧障碍及其它焦虑障碍背后的神秘面纱，加深对创伤应激障碍疾病的理解，同时将极大丰富对条件性恐惧进行早期评估与干预理论依据，以及对以消退机制为基础的研究将为行为治疗方法的应用提供临床上的指导。

针对女性个体在对恐惧情绪中表现出“易习得、难消退”的特点，运用认知实验心理学与认知神经科学的方法与技术，从行为与脑机制两个层面探讨这种特征的影响因素及其神经机制。研究结果发现，整体上女性比男性更容易习得条件性恐惧，并更难消退，且这种特征受雌性激素的调节，即在女性生理周期的黄体期这种特征表现的更加明显；在考察刺激性质和预测情境对负性情绪反应的影响时发现：在可预测情境下，负性情绪的产生由US性质决定;而在不可预测情境下,负性情绪的产生由刺激出现的预测情境决定；在恐惧记忆习得和消退的过程中，指导语和认知重评以及个体的焦虑状态起到重要的作用，高水平的焦虑会促进恐惧记忆的泛化，从而阻碍消退的进程。这些研究结果有助于理解个体在恐惧情绪中习得和消退的性别差异以及对优化临床的治疗方案具有重要的启示意义。

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