丝路经济带“长安-天山”段历史城镇文脉演化机理与传承策略

The Silk Road Economic Belt covered the section of Chang’an – Tianshan，which is the core area of the world heritage of the Silk Road, for which more than two thousand years accumulation of historical cultural context concentrated in the towns of the Silk Road , deemed as the typical historical region of Chinese nation memory as well as the wise relationship between human and the typical ecologically fragile regions. Historical cultural context is regarded as an important carrier and the link of urban cultural inheritance and innovation development, which is the key point of the humanistic goals of town proposed by the New-type Urbanization. It has no doubt brought new economic growth opportunity for the Silk Road town’s development in pace of the Silk Road Economic Belt rised for the national strategy, but the strong economic development often result in the loss of city characteristics, such as thousands of city without any differences and even leading to the crisis of being break the historical cultural context, furthermore, the negative effect has suffered in the process of rapid urbanization and large-scale urban renewal movement. Facing the double opportunity of New-type Urbanization and the strategy of national economy, the context inheriting regional value and contradictions became increasingly prominent. Therefore, this research aims to reveal the internal rules of historical urban context and establish the responsiveness planning theory and method cope with the crisis of urban historical cultural context fracture resulted from the impact of economic development and the sustainable development along with the Silk Road Economic Belt. Four steps should be involved for the aim of the research. The first, to research the evolution mechanism of historical urban cultural context and the homologous fingerprint in the world heritage area of the Silk Road Economic Belt. The second, to analyze the regional characteristics of the urban historical context generated on the basis of the theory of urban morphology, to construct Historical Cultural Context Region - Historical Cultural Context Space Unit, which forms the hierarchy of the factor analysis method and Context-sensitive analysis model, for the purpose of construction the appropriate approach of urban historical context heritage match with the ecological fragile environment. The third, to explore the planning theory and methods matching with the conditions of the specific social economy based on historical cultural context inheritance. The fourth, to explore local inheritance mode of historical cultural context in the development process of the historical towns and meantime the planning strategies meet with the target of the sustainable development approach matching with the New-type Urbanization.

丝路经济带“长安-天山”段历史城镇见证了民族融合、疆域经营、文商交通、环境变迁及脆弱生态环境人地关系智慧的过程，承载了中华民族的历史记忆及其文脉传承，凝聚了丝绸之路世界遗产的核心价值。面对新型城镇化与“丝路经济带”战略双重机遇，文脉传承的区域价值与矛盾凸显。而长期忽视文化本体生成环境的建设性破坏导致文脉断裂的严重危机。迫切需要应对地域文脉传承的规划理论与方法指导。因此，本课题拟通过实地调研、文献梳理和图像分析，结合典型案例，借鉴演化博弈论和城市形态学等方法，建构“文脉区域-文脉空间”单元层级分析方法，通过对历史城镇文脉的地域生成特征和演化机理的研究，建立特征图谱数据库及文脉关联分析模型。建构脆弱生态环境下历史城镇文脉传承的适宜路径。探索基于文脉传承与社会经济发展匹配原理的规划理论与方法。探讨新型城镇化语境下历史城镇空间文脉的地域传承模式及规划策略。为丝路经济带可持续发展提供理论与方法基础。

历史城镇承载了中华民族的历史记忆和丝路世界文化遗产的核心价值，面对新型城镇化与“丝路经济带”战略双重机遇，文脉传承的区域价值与发展矛盾凸显。而长期忽视文化遗存所根植的自然与人文环境及其共生关系，导致了建设性破坏，针对目前文化遗存保护中存在的错层、错位、错尺等时空失秩所带来的文化信息碎片化和文脉断裂的危机，迫切需要应对性的规划理论与方法指导。如何判断城市空间中历史遗存及其生成环境隐藏的文化信息、内在秩序，探究其生成演化的内在机理，建构文化遗存整体性保护的理论和技术路径，对文脉传承具有重要的意义。本研究聚焦文脉断裂的现实问题，旨在建构文化遗存及其生成环境的整体性保护理论与方法：通过实地调研、图像识别及空间分析，借鉴演化博弈论、文化生学、城市形态学等方法，从文脉要素的属性、认知特点及其内在关联性入手，建构了文脉空间单元划分、识别、评价与“文脉区域-文脉空间”的单元层级分析方法，通过对城市形态单元及其文脉空间的耦合分析，揭示了文脉空间的演化特点及其形态逻辑，取得了以下四方面的研究成果：其一，通过对历史城镇文脉空间、特征图谱及其基因要素进行分层、分类研究，建构了历史遗存及其生成环境所具有的历时性和共时性属性即文脉关联的分析方法，并建构了基于历史图层的织补、缝合、转译、链接等文脉信息的文化属性修复途径；其二，运用文化区位熵分析城市文脉的层级、分布，建构典型历史城镇的文脉关联性分析模型，并进而与城市总规和控规等规划管理技术体系对接，实现对于历史遗存碎片化、孤岛化及文脉断裂的修补性保护及其文化传承的理论和方法体系；其三，基于文脉空间的保护目标，细化紫线划定及其管理的技术路径与方法，并结合规划地块及其规划管理控制指标，建立了基于文脉保护与城市社会经济发展的匹配的规划管理技术路径；其四，建构了基于文脉传承导向下的规划技术路径，以实现城市文化遗存及其生成环境的和谐、有序、可持续发展。

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