基于多源时空数据的城市生活和就业紧凑度研究

Rapid urbanization in China has led to a set of urban problems such as traffic congestion, energy consumption, which may affect sustainable development. One of the problems is mismatch between activities and spatial structures. Urban planning in China has been promoting compact city characterized as high-density and mixed land use development for many years. However, compact urban form, compact land use and facilities are not real goals of fulfilling a compact city. Achieving high quality and compactness of urban living and employment are the key issues of sustainable development. The availability of big data from mobile phones and smart cards enable us to have better knowledge of travel pattern and behaviours. To recognize and extract residents' living and commuting activity pattern from big data is one key scientific question. The other scientific question is how to demonstrate the evolving dynamics of urban systems by integrating the big data with the traditional land use and transportation data. This project examines the analysis of big data for the investigating the compactness of urban living and employment and to find the relationships between the measurement of compactness from traditional land use analysis and actual people's activity space from big data. The project will further advance the theory of compact city, filling in the research gap that traditional urban planning practice cannot match spatial structure and urban micro-economic activities. It will develop the bottom-up activity based urban planning theoretical framework by the use of big data which is of great significance to sustainable urban spatial development and smart urban planning.

紧凑城市是可持续发展观指导下的城市发展重要理论，其高密度开发和土地混合利用策略已是多年来中国城市规划工作中的实践要点。然而，土地利用、交通设施等空间结构和形态的紧凑并不是紧凑城市的目的，城市居民生活和就业的高质有效紧凑才是紧凑城市的真实内涵。本课题以城市居民生活与就业的紧凑度量和城市空间结构与功能校核为切入点，突破传统城市规划无法科学匹配空间规划与微观社会经济活动的瓶颈，研究如何从城市群体活动时空数据中提取城市居民的生活与就业活动特征，提出以人为本的紧凑城市发展综合评价指标，并进行基于居民活动的城市紧凑度与基于城市空间结构的紧凑度评价方法的校核，对有利于居民紧凑活动的城市空间结构建设提出建议。本课题探索构建以多源时空数据为支撑的面向微观个体的自下而上的规划理论框架，实现规划技术与信息技术相结合的原始创新，对扩展以数据支撑的智慧城市规划，建设可持续城市空间发展模式具有重要的理论与实践意义。

紧凑城市是可持续发展观指导下重要的城市发展理论，而城市居民生活和就业的高效紧凑是当前推动紧凑城市形成和规划的重要基础。本课题以城市居民生活与就业的紧凑度量和城市空间结构与功能校核为切入点，研究如何从城市群体活动时空数据中提取城市居民的生活与就业活动特征，提出以人为本的紧凑城市发展综合评价指标体系，并进行基于居民活动的城市紧凑度与基于城市空间结构的紧凑度评价方法的校核，对有利于居民紧凑活动的城市空间结构建设提出建议。本课题采用手机大数据提取个人从居住地到工作地的工作出行信息，提出了通勤光谱分析的新方法，研究城市居民通勤出行的模式，揭示了中国背景下不同产业职工就业活动的影响机制与西方存在较大差异。建立了专门针对就业活动的混合利用指标体系，揭示出不同类型的混合利用对就业活动的影响机理，并以此发展了混合使用和就业活动自平衡关系的理论体系。同时，对餐饮、购物、休闲及公交设施的可达性进行计算，分析了与居民非工作活动地点决策的关系。本课题揭示并解决了利用大数据研究城市问题所面临的不确定性问题，为推进大数据驱动下的城市研究和智慧城市规划构筑基础。同时建立的基于就业活动的混合利用指标体系，将有助于对现有混合利用评价的调整和优化，指导以人为本导向下的城市规划和设计，以及构建面向可持续发展的城市空间结构。

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