人工岛及台风影响下的陆域海岸演变机制及侵蚀热点研究

Typhoon is the main disaster-causing factor in China's coastal zone. At the same time, in recent years, part of coasts in our country have been eroded because of the construction of artificial islands. The coastal disaster prevention and mitigation work in these engineering areas is imminent, and the evolution rule and mechanism of coasts are the frontier and hot topics in the related research fields. Taking the coast near the artificial island in the east of Hainan Island as an example, this project will focus on the coastal evolution mechanism under the influence of both typhoon and artificial island. The variation of the beaches in the vicinity of the artificial island under typhoon will be sorted out through the statistical analysis of the observed data, and the quantitative study on the beach change near the artificial island under different weather conditions will be carried out. Based on the hydrodynamic and bathymetric data, the comprehensive model of hydrodynamic, sediment transport and coastal evolution will be established. Through the established model, the process and mechanism of beach response to typhoon events near the artificial island will be revealed, and the distribution of erosion hotspots and their variations under the combined influence of the typhoon and the artificial island will be explored. Based on the above findings, a prediction model of coastal evolution will be established, revealing the evolution trend of the beach. The research results can not only enrich the relevant theory of the mechanisms of coastal dynamics under the influence of current climate and human activities, but also provide theoretical basis for coastal disaster prevention and mitigation in the vicinity of artificial islands.

台风是我国海岸带的最主要致灾因素；与此同时，近年来我国近岸海域兴建的一部分人工岛对邻近的陆域岸滩造成了严重的侵蚀，工程区域的海岸防灾减灾工作迫在眉睫，与之密切相关的海岸演变规律和机制也是相关领域研究的前沿和热点。本项目拟以我国海南岛东部人工岛邻近的陆域岸滩为例，围绕台风和人工岛共同影响下的海岸演变机制，通过对现场观测资料的统计分析，梳理台风影响下的人工岛邻近陆域岸滩的变化规律，对不同天气条件下人工岛邻近陆域海岸地形变化尺度进行定量化研究，并基于观测数据建立水动力-泥沙输运-岸滩演变综合模型，借助该模型揭示人工岛附近陆域岸滩对台风的响应过程和机制，探索台风和人工岛共同影响下的侵蚀热点分布特征及其变化，在此基础上建立海岸演变预测模型，揭示岸滩变化趋势。研究成果既可丰富当前气候环境和人类活动作用下海岸动态变化规律和机制的相关理论，又能为人工岛邻近陆域的海岸防灾减灾提供理论依据。

台风是我国海岸带的最主要致灾因素；与此同时，近年来我国近岸海域兴建的一部分人工岛对邻近的陆域岸滩造成了严重的侵蚀，工程区域的海岸防灾减灾工作迫在眉睫，与之密切相关的海岸演变规律和机制也是相关领域研究的前沿和热点。本项目以我国海南岛东部人工岛邻近的陆域岸滩为例，围绕台风和人工岛共同影响下的海岸演变机制，通过对现场观测资料的统计分析，梳理台风影响下的人工岛邻近陆域岸滩的变化规律，对不同天气条件下人工岛邻近陆域海岸地形变化尺度进行定量化研究，借助数值模型揭示人工岛附近陆域岸滩对台风的响应过程和机制，探索台风和人工岛共同影响下的侵蚀热点分布特征及其变化。强台风、不适当的海岸工程都可能使自然岸滩受到侵蚀破坏、改变岸线形态。离岸人工岛的建设，改变了自然岸线上波浪能量的沿岸分布情况，在波影区波浪能量减弱而泥沙沉积，导致沿岸输沙受到阻碍、从而在下游区域形成侵蚀热点。台风引起的风暴潮和风暴浪对沙滩体积及后滨造成的侵蚀破坏可以在较长的时间尺度内保留；若台风引起的风暴浪向与常浪向不一致，则可能对泥沙的沿岸输运趋势产生较大的影响，从而改变侵蚀热点的位置和尺度。在人工岛及台风的共同影响下，自然岸线的横向移动可达数十米。人工岛选址、设计和建造过程中的某些因素，如人工岛与陆地海岸之间的距离较短、拦截沿岸水流的进港路堤以及对海滩侵蚀的保护措施不充分或不合理，加剧了人工岛对邻近自然海滩和景观的影响和破坏。对此，建议考虑“软工程”以恢复受损的自然海岸，例如人工水下防浪堤和人工礁，以及各种生态管理方案的组合。本项目研究成果既可丰富当前气候环境和人类活动作用下海岸动态变化规律和机制的相关理论，又能为人工岛邻近陆域的海岸防灾减灾提供理论依据。

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