淮河中下游地区距今8500-7000年先民和动物食物结构及生存环境的稳定同位素分析

The Huaihe River is the bridge that connecting the cultural areas between the Yangtze River and Yellow River, as well as the key areas of prehistoric agricultural development. It plays a pivotal role in the process of Chinese civilization. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the origin and development of agriculture of the Huaihe River Basin. However, it is unclear that the development of early agriculture and animal domestication situation in the Huaihe River Basin (especially the Middle and Lower Huaihe River). Recently, based on using stable isotope analysis, reveals the diet structure of our ancestors and animal, as well as explore prehistoric origins and development of agriculture and animal domestication, has become the focus and hotspots of bioarchaeological research in domestic and foreign. The Shunshanji and Hanjing site (8500-7000BP), Sihong County, China unearthed the earliest rice remains in the Huaihe River Basin, as well as a large number of pigs, dogs and other animal bones. It provides a wealth of material to explore the origins and development of agriculture, as well as animal domestication in the Huaihe River Basin. Based on the C, N, O stable isotope analysis on human and animal bones and teeth from the early and mid- Neolithic site of Shunshanji and Hanjing, this project intends to reveal the diet structure and living environment of human and animal, explore the development of early agriculture and animal domesticated in the Middle and Lower Huaihe River Basin. By distinguishing the environmental differences between the wild animal, livestock and human, we try to create a new way to study animal domestication.

淮河流域是连接长江流域和黄河流域两大文化区的枢纽和桥梁，也是史前农业发展的关键区域，在中华文明进程中曾起到过举足轻重的作用，因此探讨淮河流域农业起源和发展具有重大意义。然而，淮河流域(特别是淮河中下游地区)早期农业发展和家畜驯化状况目前尚不明朗。近年来，通过稳定同位素分析，揭示先民和动物食物结构，探讨农业起源和发展以及家畜驯化，已成为国内外生物考古研究的热点和焦点。江苏泗洪顺山集和韩井遗址(8500-7000BP)出土了淮河中下游地区最早的水稻遗存，以及大量猪、狗等动物骨骼，为探讨淮河流域农业起源和发展、家畜驯化研究提供了丰富材料。本项目拟对顺山集和韩井等新石器早中期遗址人和动物骨骼及牙齿进行C、N、O稳定同位素分析，揭示其食物结构和生存环境，探讨淮河中下游早期农业发展状况以及家畜驯化，并通过区别野生动物、家畜以及人的生存环境差异，尝试建立一个研究家畜驯化的新途径。

淮河流域是连接长江流域和黄河流域两大文化区的枢纽和桥梁，也是史前农业发展和家畜驯化的关键区域，在中华文明进程中曾起到过举足轻重的作用，因此本项目研究成果具有重要的学术意义和现实意义。本项目从古人类和动物的食物结构和生存环境角度对先民生计方式和动物驯化行为进行了探讨。方法上采用了胶原蛋白稳定同位素分析，结合考古出土生计方式及环境信息相关的遗存，综合探讨人和动物的生存环境及人对动物资源的利用情况，最终来探讨本区域史前农业发展情况以及动物驯化的情况。我们发现顺山及遗址，作为淮河中下游地区最早的史前遗址，也是整个淮河流域最早的新石器时代早期遗址之一，很可能已经有了猪的驯化。作为淮河上游的新时期时代早期遗存，贾湖遗址发现了迄今为止中国最早的家猪，本项目的研究揭示了淮河中下游同时期可能存在的家畜驯化情况。

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