住宅室内邻苯二甲酸酯暴露特性及其儿童健康效应研究

Children spend more than 90% of their time indoors, so indoor environment quality directly affect children’s health. In recent years, building materials, furnitures and daily necessities are in extensive use of artificial synthetic materials. It makes that the exposure level of Phthalate esters (PAEs), which is one kind of environmental endocrine disruptors and also called as plasticizer, increase significantly. It largely increases the prevelance of children’s respiratory disease and allergic disease. Therefore it is crucial for children’s health to control indoor PAEs pollution. However, both of the characteristics and influence factors of indoor PAEs distribution are quite clear. The health risk of children exposued in current residential environment need to be further complete research, so there is no specific standard to be followed. Based on the theory of building environment, this project aims to inspect the exposure levels and space distribution characteristics of indoor PAEs in dust for residential buildings by interdisciplinary. Combined with the results from previous cross-sectional survey, it will rationally evaluate the effects of building environment and lifestyle on distribution of PAEs and the prediction model of PAEs pollution will be created. Based on this, the exposure risk of PAEs from dust for children in the current environment will be further analyzed, then the relationship of the exposure risk and the metaboilic level of PAEs in children’s urine will be built. The health effects for children exposure will be ultimately eveluated. It will play a significant role in providing theoretical basis and data support for controlling PAEs pollution and creating healthy residential environment.

近年来，建材家居和日常用品中人工合成材料的大量使用，使得住宅室内邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）塑化剂的暴露浓度显著增加，导致儿童呼吸道及过敏性疾病的患病率急剧上升，控制室内PAEs污染迫在眉睫。然而目前住宅室内PAEs的污染特征及影响因素，儿童暴露于该环境中的健康风险均不清楚，导致PAEs污染控制无标准可依。本项目拟从建筑环境学的视角出发，通过学科交叉的方法检测住宅环境参数、采集分析室内降尘和学龄前儿童尿液样本，揭示当前城市住宅室内PAEs的暴露水平和空间分布特性，并结合前期横断面调查结果，合理地评价建筑特性、环境表征和生活习惯各因素对PAEs分布的影响，建立住宅室内PAEs污染预测模型，在此基础上分析当前住宅室内儿童PAEs的暴露风险，继而揭示暴露风险与儿童尿液PAEs代谢水平间的关联性，最终评价由此产生的儿童健康效应，为控制室内PAEs污染，创造舒适健康的住宅室内环境提供理论基础和数据支撑。

针对目前住宅室内邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的污染特征、影响因素以及儿童暴露于该环境中的健康风险等问题，本项目从建筑环境学的视角出发，通过学科交叉的方法以“PAEs散发源头-污染现状-儿童暴露风险-代谢水平-健康效应”为主线，创新地系统研究和评价了新型污染物的暴露水平和健康效应。. 按照项目计划书的要求，圆满（超额）完成了如下工作，并得出相关成果和发现：(1) 检测了住宅环境参数、采集分析了室内降尘和学龄前儿童尿液样本，揭示了当前城市住宅室内PAEs的暴露水平和空间分布特性，发现：城市住宅中起居室和儿童卧室邻苯二甲酸酯检出率较高的有7种，其中邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHP)、二丁酯(DBP)、二异丁酯(DiBP)、丁苄酯(BBP)为检出率和浓度最高的4种。(2) 结合前期横断面调查结果，探索了住宅建筑特性、环境表征和居民生活习惯各因素与PAEs分布的关联性，发现了包括潮湿表征、住宅装修、烟草暴露和温湿度等在内的PAEs分布的显著影响参数。(3) 建立了住宅室内PAEs污染的BP神经网络预测模型，以实测数据验证了预测模型的准确性和适用性。(4) 分析了当前住宅室内儿童PAEs的暴露风险，以降尘相为研究对象，相继得出吸入、食入和皮肤接触三种暴露途径下的儿童外暴露风险。(5) 揭示了暴露环境与儿童尿液PAEs代谢水平间的关联性，发现化学品暴露和清洁频率显著影响儿童内暴露代谢产生的PAEs浓度水平，最终评价了居住环境暴露所产生的儿童健康效应，结合COVID-19疫情，探索了典型密闭空间内社交距离和通风对人群感染率的影响。. 研究成果为控制室内PAEs污染，创造舒适健康的住宅室内环境提供理论基础和数据支撑。本项目成果：依托本项目已在建筑环境、室内空气品质、环境健康等领域发表高质量学术论文15篇，其中以第一/通讯作者发表的SCI论文7篇，EI论文3篇；在专业具有重要影响力的国际会议、学会年会上宣讲论文6次，研究成果获得国际同行的好评和引用，其中在2020年第16届Indoor Air大会上，论文获得“Best Poster Reward(最佳海报奖)”。

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