四川早期（明代及以前）木构建筑研究

In the Sichuan region of the southwest China, the wood architecture built during the early age (till the mid-17th century, in the Ming and pre-Ming dynasties) are remained in low quantity, yet with high value for academic research: for several centuries, it is in this very region that different genres and grades of architecture melt and blended, from both the old and the new, hence displaying a general look of oddity, complexity, and variety. It could be regarded as a microcosm of the temporal and regional flux of Chinese architecture from the 13th century till the mid-17th century. However, only a few researches focusing on the wood architecture of early Sichuan had been made by far. Based on the sources home and abroad, this study integrates the methodology of various disciplines such as architecture, archeology, iconography, history and religion. Advanced instruments and equipments are used in local field survey, and case studies are piled together, while the historical literature are reviewed in-depth, so to illustrate the timberwork of the early Sichuan architecture in the context of cultural flux. In a further study on the temple architecture and its relgion image, the design process and concept behind shall be explored, as well as people's spatial recognition, aesthetic criterion and philosophy. The study may serve not only for completing of the framework of Chinese architecture history, but also for protecting our architectural heritage today.

四川地区的明代及明以前木构建筑实物数量稀少，然而却有重要而独特的研究价值- - 从南宋到明代，不同地域和等级的建筑在这里交融、糅合，新旧杂沓，呈现出奇特、复杂、多样的建筑形制，足可作为这一时期中国古建筑的时间性与地区性流变的缩影。但长期以来缺乏这方面系统研究，从而决定了本课题开展的必要性。本研究将在全面回溯国内外已有研究的基础上，汲取跨学科研究思路，综合运用建筑学、考古学、图像学、历史学及宗教学等学科的研究方法。一方面发挥课题组地缘优势，采用先进仪器设备进行实地调查，系统整合相应测绘调研资料；另一方面深入发掘整理有关历史文献，廓清四川早期木构建筑在文化交融背景下的形制面貌。力图还原古代建筑实体形象背后的设计程序和理念，并结合寺观建筑中体现的宗教意象，揭示中国古人的空间认知、审美准则和深层价值观。由此进一步充实完善中国建筑史的学科框架，同时也为今日我国建筑遗产保护事业做出积极贡献。

本课题在回溯相关学术研究史的基础上，在以下几方面展开：（1）四川现存早期木构建筑的全面调查；（2）四川元明建筑的通论性研究；（3）建筑个案研究。. 实地调查了省内30余处市县区的53处73座元明木构建筑，其中详细测绘11座，简单测绘23座，用三维激光扫描仪测绘5 座，采集木样品进行碳14测年技术分析1座。此外还对比调查了国内其他地区的早期木构建筑，以及日本、韩国的中世建筑。. 经调查，四川元明木构建筑大多是三开间方形平面。明次间面阔和进深等平面主要尺寸之间存在一种简洁的整数比例关系。且结构上常为非对称屋架，重前轻后，常通过普拍枋和斗拱的设置来突出前廊。. 四川现有元代木构建筑数量已超过全国南方其他各省元构的数量总和，足以引起学界重视。四川元明建筑是研究中古建筑形制演变的典型样本。通过盐亭花林寺、蓬溪金仙寺等个案研究，尤其是结合红外线相机和碳14测年等新技术的应用，可深入了解建筑营建历史和元明地方基层社会情况。

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