多功能化DNA纳米凝胶在肿瘤诊断治疗中的应用研究

Cancer is a leading cause of death in many wealthy countries. In China, people are also facing the same situation of the cancer. China has approximately 20% of the world's population, but it has 21.8% of new cancer cases and 26.9% of the world's cancer deaths in 2012. Therefore, application research of tumor diagnosis and treatment has important practical significance. This project mainly focused at the key scientific problems "tumor diagnosis and treatment". This project will design and prepare the multifunctional DNA nanogel with the ability to recognize and deliver to the targeted tumor site. In the meantime, by incorporation the cargos, including anti-cancer drug, siRNA and photodynamic nanomaterial, the DNA nanogel was constructed as the drug deliver carrier. This new type of carrier provides the hybrid tumor treatment for the cancer therapy with high efficiency, high specificity. The research contents include: the design and preparation of DNA nanogel, screening the targeted recognition groups for tumor, screening the therapy cargos for the tumor treatment and the multifunctional DNA nanogel for the in vitro and in vivo application.

在大多数发达国家，癌症是引起人类死亡的首要原因之一。在中国，癌症的状况也同样严峻。中国占世界人口比例约为20%，然而在2012年，中国新增癌症病例占全球新增总数的21.8%，癌症死亡人数占全球死亡人数的26.9%。因此针对肿瘤诊断治疗的应用研究具有重要的现实意义。本项目主要针对“肿瘤诊断治疗”这一关键科学问题，发展具有多功能化的DNA纳米凝胶，实现对目标肿瘤细胞的特异性靶向识别，并发展能够同时输送多种药物进入肿瘤细胞的体系，结合分子靶向药物治疗和基因治疗等多种方法，构建新型的纳米药物载体，实现对肿瘤高效、高特异性的诊断与治疗。重点研究内容包括：DNA纳米凝胶的设计与制备、靶向识别肿瘤细胞功能化基团的筛选、肿瘤治疗药物的筛选、多功能化DNA纳米凝胶的体外/体内的应用研究。

癌症是引起人类死亡的首要原因之一。目前临床上对于癌症的治疗方法主要有手术切除、化学治疗和放射治疗等。然而这些方法在使用上风险较高，包括缺少对肿瘤组织的特异性、肿瘤的复发率高、对正常组织的副作用大、免疫系统破坏等风险。因此，通过开发新方法提高化疗药物的靶向性、降低药物的毒副作用是肿瘤治疗的重要发展方向。在项目的资助下，项目组开发了具有多功能化的DNA纳米凝胶，实现对目标肿瘤细胞的特异性靶向识别，并发展能够同时输送多种药物进入肿瘤细胞的体系。结合分子靶向药物治疗和基因治疗等多种方法，构建了新型的纳米药物载体，实现对肿瘤高效、高特异性的诊断与治疗。通过项目的实施，项目组发表SCI期刊论文30篇，申请专利6件，授权专利1件。

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