北极海冰物理和力学性质同气象、水文环境条件之间的关系研究

Following the requirements of basic scientific problems for the designs and safety operations of ice-breaking or operation ice-resistance ships in ice covered areas in future Arctic navigation, the ice physical and mechanical properties are necessary. The sea ice physical and mechanical behavior at different positions in Arctic will be investigated. The relationships between ice internal physical and mechanical properties and external meteorological and hydrological conditions will be set up. The feasibility and accurate of the evaluation of the ice physical and mechanical behavior from satellite productions and data will be performed. The spatial and temporal distributions of Arctic sea ice physical and mechanical parameters are mapped and the services for the ship designs and ship safety operations will be searched based on the achievements mentioned above. For these purposes, the applied project will use the obtained sea ice physical and mechanical property data from the 5th China Arctic Expedition in 2012, and will collect more data in the 6 th and 7th China Arctic expeditions in 2014 and 2016. The methodology from Bohai sea ice mechanical propeties with Bohai meteorological and hydrological conditions will be used. From the collaborations with international and domestic institutes/universities, we will set up the "connection" for using satellite data or productions to obtain the area sea ice sheet physcial and mechanical parameters and will finish the mathematical methods to express the spatial and temporal distributions of the ice sheet physical and machanical properties. These results will be used to support the safety navigations in Arctic ice covered area in future.

针对北极航行中的船舶建造设计和船舶安全航行操纵所设计的基础科学问题- - 海冰物理和力学性质，开展北极不同位置海冰物理和力学性质科学考察；建立冰层物理和力学性质内部行为同气象、水文外部环境要素的联系；探索将卫星遥感获得的北极气象和水文要素应用到推算海冰力学性质的可行性和误差范围；实现海冰分布范围、海冰厚度、海冰物理和力学性质的卫星遥感技术的"对接"；以便获取区域海冰的物理和力学性质时空分布。这些地球科学的基础研究成果将支持未来北极航行抗冰和破冰商业船舶的设计及其在冰区航行的安全操纵。为了实现这些目标，项目将在2012年参加北极海冰物理和力学性质调查研究基础上，继续通过2014，2016的北极科学考察收集科学数据；利用渤海经验建立冰力学性质同气象、水文要素的关系；通过国内外合作，建立卫星遥感数据推算冰层物理和力学性质参数的"接口"；形成冰力学性质的时空分布数学表现方式。为冰区安全航行提供依据。

项目围绕北极航行的冰物理和力学性质服务，在2014和2016年参加了中国第6次和第7次北极科学考察。完成了同冰遥感和冰物理和力学性质对接的冰光学行为调查，以及冰单轴压缩强度试验和走航冰情调查。所获得数据支持对北极海冰行为的认识。但是作为工程需要，还需要更为完整的资料。为此，利用南极海冰调查数据、俄罗斯北极海冰调查数据和中国湖泊完整冬季测试数据，认识气-冰-水之间的联结和发展恶劣环境冰参数调查技术。目前也利用多年来的卫星北极海冰密集度和厚度，探索北极抗冰船舶设计和船舶航行操纵的冰参数。在上述研究基础上，发表科学论文44篇，其中期刊论文32篇，会议论文12篇。期刊论文中SCI检索11篇，EI检索2篇；会议论文中EI检索4篇。项目期间，组织第7、8、9届全国冰工程会议；参加第22届国际水利与环境工程学会冰会议和第23、24届北极条件下港口和海洋工程国际会议。5位硕士研究生和2位博士研究生围绕本研究方向参与研究并毕业。

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