微米和纳米塑料对农田土壤中典型有机污染物迁移转化的影响及蚯蚓效应

Micro-(nano-)plastics in agriculture soils are capable to adsorb different kinds of hydrophobic organic contaminants due to their high specific surface area as well as other surface properties, thus change their transportation and transformation behavior and influence their environmental risks to groundwater. Although with possible environmental risks, till now, there is no systematic investigation on the impact and mechanisms on how different types of plastic particles may interact with organic pollutants and change the environmental fate in agriculture soils as well as the influence from soil animals like earthworms. In this proposed project, we aim to study the adsorption-desorption of typical organic pollutants (pesticides, PAHs and PAEs) and micro-(nano-)plastics, the influence of plastic particles on the adsorption-desorption, degradation-transformation, transportation and bound residues formation of typical organic pollutants in agriculture soils, and the effects from earthworms. The results from this project will provide fundamental information to policy maker regarding to the environmental risks of plastic pollution and the effects of soil animals on the environmental impact of micro-(nano-)plastic together with organic pollutants.

农田土壤环境中的微米及纳米塑料颗粒由于比表面积大、表面疏水等特性，容易吸附环境中的疏水性有机污染物，改变其降解和迁移等环境行为，并且进一步影响其迁移性，增加地下水污染的风险。然而目前对塑料颗粒如何与土壤中有机污染物相互作用从而改变其环境行为的机理以及土壤动物的影响还没有系统的研究。本申请拟针对文献研究中的不足之处，综合运用荧光标记技术和C-14示踪技术，研究微米及纳米塑料与典型有机污染物（杀虫剂、多环芳烃类，邻苯二甲酸酯）的吸附-解吸，塑料颗粒对有机污染物在农田土壤中降解转化、迁移以及结合态残留物的形成、分布和赋存形态的影响，以及不同生态类型蚯蚓对塑料颗粒及其携带有机污染物的土壤环境行为的影响及其作用机制，建立蚯蚓影响下农田土壤中塑料颗粒及其携带有机污染物的迁移和降解模型。研究结果将为评价纳米及微米塑料的环境风险以及土壤动物对其与典型有机污染物在农田土壤地下水系统的影响提供科学依据。